Ukrainian translators biography

He was born on Volyn in a Russian -speaking family, but became a Ukrainophile. He is a co -founder of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Agafangel of Crimean was a genius and phenomenal personality, and became a victim of Stalinist repressions for his studies of the history of the Ukrainian language. For some time, the assistant to Agafangel of Crimea was worked by Grigory Kochur - a translator who was in more than 30 languages.

He passed Soviet camps, but the conclusion was a period of creativity for him. Lina Kostenko said that Grigory Kochur is a person who knew everything. Ukrainophile without a single drop of Ukrainian blood on January 15 of the year in the city of Vladimir-Volynsky was born Agafangel Crimean. Father, a teacher of history and geography, was a Crimean Tatar, and the mother came from the Polish-Lithuanian family from Belarus.

The great -grandfather was a mullah in the Crimea, and then began to profess Christianity. The family spoke Russian. At three years old, Agafangel Crimean already knew how to read and did not part with books. Two years later, his parents sent him to school, after 5 - transferred to study at the Protogimnasia in the Ostrog, and then to Kyiv. The house of the Crimean family in the Zvenigorodka Cherkasy region, where they moved a special influence on the formation of the personality and scientific interests of Agafangel of Crimean, had training in the college of Pavel Galagan.

He continued his studies at the Lazarevsky Institute of Oriental Languages ​​in Moscow.

He lived in Syria and Lebanon to a special scholarship received after the training of the institute, studying the Arabic language. After he taught at the Lazarevsky Institute, and in the year he headed the Department of Arab Linguistics. Over the years in Moscow, Crimean prepared and published a whole library of textbooks on Arabicism, the history of Islam, the study of the Koran and other areas of linguistics.

At 30, he received the title of professor. His library totaled almost 50 volumes, and he transported it to Kyiv when he decided to leave Moscow in order to take part in the creation of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Agafangel Crimean in his youth left us the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, and we almost forgot him after the October Revolution of the Year and the Crimean Crimean Crimean Crimean came to power in Russia and joined the creation of the hetman Pavel Pavel of Skoropad Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

In Kyiv, he took the position of indispensable secretary of the Academy of Sciences and made a great contribution to its creation and development. At the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Agafangel Crimean also headed the historical and philological department, the office of the Arabic and Iranian philology, the commission of the vocabulary of the living language, the commission of the history of the Ukrainian language, the dialectological and business committee.

Agafangel of Crimean was responsible for the search for personnel and attracting scientists as full -time workers. All this took place in the conditions of political instability, the lack of an academic oriental studies system in Ukraine and a total shortage of personnel, because all specialists went to Moscow or St. Petersburg and few would agree to work in such a difficult time for the idea.

The fact that it existed and generally survived is the merit of the Crimean, ”says Maxim Kochura, Laureate of the Grigory Kochura Prize. With the arrival of the Bolsheviks, the existence of the Academy was put on the brink of survival. Crimean begged for rations and clothes for employees, he prepared firewood with them for heating the room, where it was so cold that they froze. It was thanks to Agafangel that Crimean managed to preserve the academy from destruction, and subsequently expand it and enrich the library.

The charm of the depth and beauty of the nightingale came to him under the influence of Mikhail Dragomanov and Pavel Zhitetsky. He decided that Ukraine was what he was interested in and what he liked. His first printed work-translator was in the year, that is, he was 18 years old. It was a translation of Ivan Nikitin’s poem “Morning on the Bank of the Pond”, published in the Lviv magazine “Zorya,” says Oksana Vasilyuk, a heritage researcher, Aguafangel Krymsky, candidate of historical sciences.

A lot of Agafangel Crimean translated into the Ukrainian language of the Eastern poets, while working with the originals. In many cases, these were the first translations of certain works in Europe. Thanks to his workshops, the masterpieces of Omar Khayyam, Firdui, Saadi, Gafiz and others sounded in Ukrainian in particular. He met with Crimean through correspondence and in the year offered to translate the eastern poets from the original as much as possible, because, as he writes, in the coming years, there is probably no person who could do this.

This letter has been preserved, ”Vasilyuk added. It is considered a unique monument of literature. Ivan Franco in the year called Agafangel Crimean“ a high -taxed poet ”and“ a very original writer. ”And I eagerly grabbed Ukraine. Every free from“ official classes ”I dedicated to Ukraine for a minute.The first sign of nationality is the language - I and first of all took care of it, chosen all kinds of books, paid special attention to ethnographic materials, re -read all kinds of philological work, ”wrote Agafangel of Crimean in autobiography.

As a researcher of languages, Agafangel Crimean defended the thesis that the Ukrainian language existed in the XI century," as it was quite relief, definitely The designated, brightly individual unit. "Thoughts by Agafangel of the Crimean went contrary to the thesis of Kievan Rus officially established in the USSR as" the cradle of three fraternal peoples and three fraternal languages: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.

"There was a close correspondence between them and rumors about unrequited love. Allegedly, the writer did not reciprocate him, but she dedicated the drama "in the catacombs." Genius met still teenagers, because both come from Volyn. A little lower, on Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 5, is the Bergon Theater now the National Academic Drama Theater named after Lesya Ukrainka, in which Lesya read her poems.

Collegium students went to such events. There is no about this about this, ”says Oksana Vasilyuk, candidate of historical sciences. AgaFangel Crimean and Lesya Ukrainka, but sometimes with big interruptions, corresponded. Lesya always called him“ dear comrade. ”By the way, her letters were preserved more. Together with the letter, Lesya sent the manuscript of new poems and asked me to check if there was something inherent from the point of view “Household-historical”, the personal life of Agafangel of the Crimean was filled with troubles about his brother and sister, and the late marriage did not bring family happiness.

Before that, his testimony saved Crimean from arrest. The ethnographer sat in prison, could not stand psychological pressure and hanged himself. Nikolai had a pregnant wife. When she gave birth to a boy, Agafangel Crimean married her, adopted the child and gave him his last name. Over time, Nikolai Krymsky handed over to the Vladimir-Volyn Historical Museum the personal belongings of the Polyglot Father-theater binoculars, feather and stationery.

The totalitarian regime does not need a genius who does not glorify the leader of Agafangel of Crimean did not bypass the fate of many talented scientists and artists, whom the Stalinist totalitarian machine exterminated for freedom of thinking and rejection of the dogmas, which were dictated by the Communist Party elite. First, he was gradually removed from work at the academy for about 10 years.

With his works were prohibited. In the year, the academician was rehabilitated, but in the year the NKVD resolution was accused without any evidence of the fact that he was an "ideologist of Ukrainian nationalists, who for years headed the nationalist underground." A person who possessed unique knowledge and made an invaluable contribution to the development of science, was arrested and sent to Kazakhstan.

According to one version of the researchers, this happened not only from physical exhaustion and illness, but because of the torture that it was subjected to. The translator who was in more than 30 languages ​​at the end of the x years as an assistant to Agafangel of Crimea was still a student Grigory Kochur. He was born in the village of Feskovka of the Chernihiv region on November 17.

He studied at the Kiev Institute of Public Education - this was the name of the Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University. Kochura was offered to take part in the transfers in the anthology of new French poetry, and then the antique literature, you call the coachman and he tells you everything, ”says the laureate of the Grigory Kochura Prize. Maxim Strich. After graduating from the university, Kochura, due to the exacerbation of the political repression of the x, had to leave for Moldova Balta, Tiraspol.

Tiraspol and Vinnitsa pedagogical institutes, headed by the Department of Western literature and the theory of literature the Vinnitsa Pedagogical Institute. This does not mean that he spoke all of them freely, but read it to everyone. And he also knew the cultural context very well, ”added Maxim Strich. Arrest and camps were evacuated with the outbreak of war, the Kochurov family was sent to the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, and a few weeks later the Germans were captured by the Germans.

In the year of Grigory Kochura and his wife were accused of“ Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism ”and sentenced to 10 years of camps, forbidding to leave The Northern Autonomous Republic of Komi Northeast Asia I was disappointed, because I was hoping to get some interesting romance, so I gave this book a kochura from it.After liberation in the year and rehabilitation, the spouses of Kochura returned to Ukraine and settled in the city of Irpen near Kiev.

A letter-defense of the Ukrainian intelligentsia some transfers that Kochur sent to Ukraine fell into print, so they already knew it in the publishers. In addition, helping rehabilitated in those days has become popular. Especially important for Grigory Kochura was the restoration of communication with Maxim Rylsky. Together, they conceived and made up new collections of poetic translations, in particular, they prepared the publication of the works of Tuvim, the three of the three of us with Lukash, the anthology of the Czech and Slovak poetry.

Grigory Kochur was an informal leader of the Ukrainian translation workshop. His house in Irpen was the center where the oppositional creative intelligentsia gathered. After the first wave of arrests among the Ukrainian intelligentsia in the year, Kochur signed a “letter of tests” in the name of Leonid Brezhnev, Alexei Kosygin and Nikolai Podgornoy, with a demand to stop the practice of illegal political trials over the Ukrainian intelligentsia.

A letter with signatures was transferred to the addressees in April of the year. He seemed to stand aloof from politics and, unlike others, was not printed in samizdat magazines. But his very role of the actually intellectual center of the sixties put him under attack. And his role was extremely large. Everyone united around him, ”says Maxim Strich. After a small pause, administrative repressions began against signatories.

Rumors about the existence of a terrorist Bandera organization, which are guided by the Western intelligence services, began.