Biography of the planet Summary

All countries, cities, forests and oceans known to us are located on the same planet - Earth. It belongs to the solar system. The solar system is eight planets rotating around one star - the sun. Earth is the third planet to remove the sun. And the only one of all the planets of our system on which there is life. Scientists believe that there are many conditions necessary for the emergence of life on the planet.

This temperature regime is not too hot and not too cold - both the presence of water and the atmosphere in which there should be a number of certain elements, and much more. Not a single planet of the solar system, with the exception of the Earth, meets all the requirements. It is too hot on Mercury, it is very cold in uranium, there is no atmosphere on Venus at all.

But our planet seemed to be created in order for life to originate on it. Our article today will help you to introduce the child closer to our amazing planet, tell about the history of the emergence of the Earth, its place in space, structure and other interesting facts. Description of planet Earth for children Earth is not the largest of the planets of the solar system. On the contrary, she is one of the smallest - less only Mercury and Venus.

But at the same time, the radius of the Earth - 6 thousand. The Earth has an almost perfect round shape. At the poles, she is slightly flattened. Therefore, two different radius of the Earth is often called: equatorial in the middle of the planet - km and polar at the "ends" - km. In ancient times, people did not know that the Earth has the shape of a ball.

They imagined something like a round flat plate. Only after the sailors went around the ground and returned to the same place, did it become clear that our planet was a ball. Now there is no doubt about this: we have seen photos of the land made from space many times. In many pictures, by the way, seas, mountains and even large cities are clearly visible.

The Earth’s rotation of the Earth, like other planets of the solar system, makes a complex rotation: around the Sun and around its axis of an imaginary line passing through the center of the planet. Moreover, around the Sun, the earth does not move in a circle, but by ellipse - this is such an elongated circle. It is thanks to this rotation on Earth that day and night come, and the summer is replaced in winter.

With the time of day, everything is clear: the day is on that part of the planet, which is currently turned to the sun, the night is on the opposite. The earth makes the full revolution around its axis in about 24 hours - during this time on Earth pass for a day. From the seasons is more difficult. The earth makes the full revolution around the Sun in days. Many people think that the change of seasons is associated with the remoteness of the Earth from the sun.

But this is not entirely true. The angle of inclination of the earth in relation to the sun affects the temperature of the air much stronger. The fact is that the axis of the Earth around which the rotation is tilted to the Sun by more than 23 degrees. And during rotation, the sun's rays fall to the Earth differently. If directly, summer comes, if at an angle, it cold.

The larger the inclination, the colder. The most direct rays go to the equator, because there is almost always even warm weather, and the extreme points of the earth - the pole - are so tilted that the sun slides over the surface and does not warm the earth. Therefore, in the Arctic and Antarctic, it is cold even in the summer. How did planet Earth appear?

The child will probably have the question of how our planet formed. Scientists can only make assumptions on this subject - they have no exact answer. The main hypothesis lies in the fact that 4.6 billion years ago the sun arose from a huge gas cloud, and already under its influence from cosmic dust around, the planets of the solar system, including the Earth, formed, “spaced”.

At that time, she was not much like the planet on which we live. Most likely, it was a fire ball that turned into a stone desert as it cools - without water, atmosphere and, of course, signs of life. Gradually, under the influence of different processes that occurred in the depths, various substances rose to the surface. Some turned into water, others participated in the formation of the atmosphere.

It happened slowly: scientists believe that it took more than millions of years to the formation of oceans and surfaces. What is the Earth planet made of? The child will be interested in learning about the structure of our planet. Earth, if you imagine it in the context, consists of several layers. In the very center there is a core, hard inside and liquid outside.

Its composition is alloys of metals, mainly iron and nickel. The core occupies most of the diameter of the Earth, it is the size of the planet Mars. Distinguish between the inner and external core. This part of the earth is very hot, and the deeper, the hotter. It is impossible to get to this level, but, according to scientists, the temperature inside the core can be greater than in the sun - up to 7 thousand degrees.

A mantle is located above the core. It is here that the largest part of the substances that make up the Earth are concentrated. These are mainly iron compounds, but the structure of the layer is not entirely solid: the mantle is more viscous, so they often say that the earth's crust is “floating” along the mantle.The earth's crust is the upper part of the solid land.

Compared to other layers, it is thin. There is a continental and oceanic crust. The layer of the continental bark reaches 40-50 kilometers, and under the oceans - 5 - the earth's crust and the upper part of the mantle are called the lithosphere. And the hydrosphere is the entire water part of the surface of the Earth, which includes the world ocean, water and glaciers, underground waters.

It turns out that for a surface covered with water, the hydrosphere is located above the lithosphere. Even higher is the atmosphere. This is no longer part of the planet, but its gas shell, which is located above the ground and rotates with it. The composition of the earth's atmosphere, and more specifically, the content of oxygen in it, played a key role in the emergence of life on Earth.

In addition to oxygen, nitrogen and other gases are present in the Earth's atmosphere. And thanks to the ozone layer in the atmosphere, the Earth is protected from most of the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. How the Life on the planet for millions of years Planet Earth remained uninhabited and developed. Scientists have found confirmation that living organisms appeared on Earth about billions of years ago, in a duplicate period of land development.

Of course, these are not the animals to which we are used to, but the simplest are microorganisms. More developed animals and plants appeared later - during a time called plywood. This period is divided into 3 eras: Pales, MEZOZOZOZO and Kaynoza. In the paleozoic, invertebrates, insects and fish appeared; Mesozoic gave us dinosaurs, and Cenoza - mammals. This happened more than 65 million years ago, and it is still believed that mammals are the highest stage of development for living organisms.

Man is a mammal. You may be interesting: it is inexplicable, but the fact: many children adore dinosaurs. If your child also enthusiastically looks at cartoons and leaf through pictures with these amazing giant creatures, we offer you our article with interesting facts about dinosaurs for children. The largest mainland is Eurasia, the smallest is Australia.

There are four oceans on Earth. They are interconnected by this so -called world ocean, but at the same time they are very different - temperature, bottom features, salinity. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and most deep, the second largest is the Atlantic, the third is Indian compared to Atlantic it is less, but deeper. And the smallest is the northern Arctic Ocean.

It is also the coldest because it is located at the North Pole and partially covered with ice. On our planet, four climatic belts are distinguished - these are territories that seem to surround the planet. In one belt across the Earth, approximately the same conditions for life: temperature, humidity, precipitation. In the very center of the Earth, there is an equatorial belt.

Two tropical belts, they are on both sides of the equatorial.

The climate with cold winter and warm summer is familiar to us. It is characteristic of moderate belts. There are also two of them, and they are located after tropical in the direction of the equator. Arctic belts are located at the poles of the Earth. It is colder here, especially in winter. But in summer, the temperature rarely rises above zero. Of course, this division is conditional.

The climate does not change sharply when moving from one climatic belt to another.