Sculptor Kozlovsky biography

He studied at the Academy of Arts, with Zhille. From his works, in a strong degree responding to the direction of the French sculpture of the late XVIII century, the most famous are: the monument to Suvorov in Petrograd, the colossal statue "Samson, tearing the mouth of the lion", decorating the main Peterhof fountain, marble statues: "Sitting Girl" in the Winter Palace, "Gimena", performed on the occasion of the marriage of Tsesarevich Konstantin Pavlovich in the Winter Palace, a male figure for studying the human anatomy Ecorche and bas -reliefs: “Return of Regula to Carthage” and “Camillus, which saves Rome from the Gauls“ Both are in the marble palace, in Petrograd.

Kozlovsky was born on October 26 in the family of a military musician. Early discovered by the boy, the ability to draw was prompted to give him to the Academy of Arts in the year. Here he was defined in the cultural class in which N. Zhille taught - a French artist, teacher of many talented sculptors of that time. In addition to modeling, which Kozlovsky was seriously engaged, a drawing was a great and sincere hobby.

Therefore, when choosing a specialty, he hesitated for a long time, not knowing what to give preference: painting or sculpture. In the year, Kozlovsky was awarded a gold medal of the 1st degree for the Prince Izyaslav program bas-relief on the gypsum field, the research museum of the USSR Academy of Arts. The sculptor turned to the topic from Russian history. Kozlovsky managed to create a dynamic scene: the poses of heroes are full of expression, their gestures are exaggeratedly pathetic.

The artist has not yet come to strict conciseness and restraint, which will be characteristic of the mature period of his work. Having received a large gold medal for the thesis "The return of Svyatoslav from the Danube", Kozlovsky finishes the academician of the art. To continue education, he is sent to Italy to get acquainted with the works of antiquity, a deep study of the monuments of antiquity and the paintings of the artists of the Renaissance enrich his work, and expand the horizons.

Unfortunately, nothing came to us from Roman works, except for several drawings made with huge temperament and perfection. In the year, the Marseille Academy of Arts appropriating the title of academician to the artist. This is evidence of the popularity of his works abroad. Returning to his homeland, Kozlovsky performs numerous work on decorating architectural monuments.

He performs bas-reliefs for the concert hall in Tsarskoye Selo, architect D. Quarengi and for the marble palace in St. Petersburg, architect A. The artist creates an idealized, full of greatness, the image of the Empress-Caucasus. Catherine liked the statue, and Kozlovsky received permission to travel to Paris "to acquire knowledge in his art." The theme of human desire for freedom, expressed in the work, is consonant with the revolutionary events in France, which the Kozlovsky was witnessed.

The master depicted the most intense moment of the suffering of a polycrates, chained by the Persians to a tree. The sculptor has never reached such expression, drama, forces in the expression of complex human feelings and such an imagery of a plastic solution.

This was helped by the magnificent knowledge of the anatomy, working from nature. In the year, Kozlovsky was awarded the title of academician, then "in respect for his talents" was appointed a professor, and in the year - a senior professor. His role as an academy teacher is extremely high. An excellent draftsman, a sensitive, attentive teacher, he gained universal respect and love.

A whole galaxy of young talented sculptors came out of his workshop: S. Pimenov, I. Terebenev, V. Demutmalinovsky and others. Themes of heroic sound, full of high patriotic pathos, attract the artist during this period. It is significant that the artist turned to the themes of Russian history, the events of the recent past. He was attracted by the image of the associate of Peter, who was not afraid in the presence of the emperor to break the unjust decree signed by the king, which imposed overwhelming hardships on the ruined peasants.

The figure of Dolgoruky is determined by determination, hardness. His face is angry, harsh. In the right hand of the torch, in the left - the scales of justice; At the feet - a dead snake and a mask personifying cunning and pretense. Kozlovsky also addresses the plots of the Homeric epic, Roman history. In the statue "Alexander the Great", the sculptor captured one of the episodes of raising the will of the future commander.

The beauty and perfection of the figure, the flexibility and smoothness of the movements of the youthful body are attractive. The silhouette of the statue is thought out, characterized by the clarity and expressiveness of the contours. On the Homerian theme he created a number of sculptural and graphic sketches. Among them, the most successful marble figurine "Ajax protects the body of the patron", timing, the theme of which - male friendship is conveyed in the tense movement of the Ayax figure, in a wide step, in an energetic turn.

The contrast of the dead immobility of the drooping body of cartridges and strong muscular Ajax gives the scene drama. Almost all the works of Kozlovsky in recent years are imbued with heroic pathos, the spirit of courageous struggle.In the bronze group "Hercules on a horse", the timing is symbolically expressed by the idea of ​​the victorious campaigns of Suvorov.

The artist introduced the commander in the form of a young man of Hercules, jumping on a horse. His figure is very vital and real. This group to a certain extent was a preparatory stage in the artist’s work over the most significant, largest work - a monument to the great Russian commander A. With great hobby, Kozlovsky began in the year to create a monument.

Sketches that have survived in the Russian Museum indicate long and complex compositional searches, endless changes in the solution of the image. Only in the last options did the artist come to the idea of ​​introducing Suvorov to the “god of war” with a sword and a shield in his hands. To glorify the strength and courage of the Russian commander, Kozlovsky turned to an allegorical form, creating an idealized generalized image of a warrior.

It does not have specific features of Suvorov. The main idea, expressed by the artist in the monument, is to show courage, determination, unshakable will of the commander. The knight is depicted in an energetic but restrained movement. He is swiftly, easily takes a step forward. High, as if for a blow, a hand with a sword is brought. With a shield, he covers the crown and papal tiara.

The head turned to the side sharply. In an open, young, proud face - an expression of calm courage. The frontal decision of the statue is solemn, calm, monumental clarity. When viewed on the right, the movement of the warrior in the offensive impulse is especially noticeable; The viewer, looking at the monument from the left side, feels more clearly the emphasized hardness, the confident power of the figure.

The pedestal designed by Kozlovsky with the participation of L. Voronikhin is harmoniously connected with the plastic solution. A massive, rhythmically divided form contrasted by the light and graceful figure of the hero. The monument was solemnly opened on May 5 and installed in the depths of Marse Paul, near the engineering castle. Only in the year, in connection with the reconstruction of buildings on the Marse Field.

The monument to Suvorov is the top of the sculptor's work. His appearance was the largest event in the artistic life of Russia. The history of the Russian monumental sculpture of the XIX century begins with it. Another outstanding work of Kozlovsky, the best decoration of the Peterhof cascades was the "Samson" - the central statue of the sculptural ensemble, which the best Russian sculptors F.

Shubin, I. Martos, F. Shchedrin, F. Gordeev and others were contributed to the creation of Kozlovsky, the work of which was the work of which composedly completed and united the work of compositionally The sculptural complex of a large cascade. The artist again turned to a symbolic solution. The hero Samson personifies Russia, and the lion - defeated Sweden. The powerful figure of Samson is given to the artist in a complex turn, in stress.

The ensemble of Peterhof fountains, destroyed by the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War, is now restored. The last works of Kozlovsky were the tombstones of P. Melissino and S. The life of the sculptor broke off in the prime of his talent. Kozlovsky died on September 18 at the age of forty nine years. Source: 50 biographies of masters of Russian art.