Biography of Gluck photo

Georg Friedrich Gandel period from for a year has gained certain fame in musical circles, the glitch can choose a job to his liking. In the year he was invited as a home composer to the Royal Theater in London. Christoph makes a trip through Frankfurt in Ferdinand von Labkovitsa. However, this appointment did not bring Glick of great fame in England. There was a rebellion of Jacobites in the country.

The theater was closed most of the year. During the downtime, the glitch wrote only 6 trio-intonate. It was possible to start full -fledged work only in the year. Christoph, on the basis of his early little -known works, puts 2 operas: “Artamen” and “Kaduta of Giants”. In the same period, Gluck's acquaintance with Handel, according to the composer himself, had a huge influence on him.

Soon they even gave a joint concert in London. In the Haymarket Theater, Gluck sonatas and Handel's organ concert were played. However, the reviews of colleagues about Christophe were much less enthusiastic. Handel said that his cook knows the contapuncto more than the glitch. However, all this did not affect the popularity of the young composer. He was literally covered with orders.

In the year he was invited to the production of operas in honor of the royal wedding between the families of the rulers of Bavaria and Saxony. Performed the work of the equally famous troupe Pietro Minhotti. This work glorified Gluck even more. Soon he received an invitation to Vienna, from the ruling dynasty. Christoph was offered to put the opera metastasio in honor of the birthday of Maria Teresa.

In the year the prime minister took place. The author of the libretto was traditionally dissatisfied with the opera, calling the music of Gluck Archdevandali. Perhaps this was the reason that Christoph did not stay in Vienna. And although the Opera Semiramis Rikonoshuta passed with great success 27 times, the permanent place of the court composer was missed. Next year, Gluck wandered around the tour with the Minghotti troupe, and wrote his opera “Countess Numi”.

If you believe the gossip, at that time the composer had a passionate romance with the Primadona. And he even managed to catch a sexually transmitted disease from her. In the year, the glitch returns to Prague, leaving the Mingotti troupe, and joining the new promising team. Here, on the Libretto Metastasio, he creates his new opera - “Ezio”, for the coming Prague Carnival. And later represents the public “Immeter”, one of his most famous works.

In the year, Gluck receives a new large order, finally established in the role of a composer, who was overlooking the courts of the rulers of Europe. He is asked to write music for the celebration of the name day of the Neapolitan king Charles VII. He created the opera “Mercy Tito” for poems by the same metastasio, choosing his libretto from several presented. The premiere was held on November 4.

There was a full house in the San Carlo Theater, because the main vocal part was performed by the famous Kaffarelly castrate, which was specially under the voice of which one of the arias was created. Having married the Viennese period, the daughter of the Viennese merchant, Gluck settled in this large European city. He was offered a position of dropmaster of the city. Christophe did not refuse such an honor.

Soon, his works sounded at the largest events. In the year, the Sinezi opera was represented at the festival in Vienna. However, the ambitious composer was not ready to be content only with Austria. In the year, in February, in Rome, the premiere of his opera Antigono was very successful. The production was so impressive that Pope Benedict XIV invites Gluck to his court to dedicate him to the knights of the golden spur.

From this moment on, Christophe focused on his status in every possible way. He called himself Chevalier de Gluck or Ritter von Gluck. Tired of the Italian opera, the composer began to boldly experiment. The result of his works was a number of comic operas, no less successful than the previous ones. In the year, the glitch goes even further. In partnership with the choreographer of Anjolini, he creates the Don Juan ballet production in the pantomime genre.

Such a radical, innovative approach attracted even greater attention of the public. Life and service at the court of Emperor Leopold II were quite comfortable. He made a lot of efforts to teach members of the ruling dynasty of music. Under the leadership of Gluck, Maria Antoinette, the emperor’s sister, mastered the flute, harpsichord and harp, and also advanced significantly in singing, having a vastly pleasant voice.

At the court, the forces of its inhabitants, even set up the Il Parnaso confuso composition. The emperor himself took part in it. The Paris period of time at the Vienna court was not in vain. In the year, Maria Antoinette went to Paris, and invited Gluck to her retinue. At the request of the royal person, Christophe composed the opera “Iphigenia in Avlida”, for the first time with a libretto in French.

In his work, he was helped by the director of the Concert Spirituel State.

After some torment with artists, the production was presented. In it, the choir for the first time became not a background for drama, but its full -fledged participant. And Gluck's melodic talents were appreciated by Jean-Jacques Rousseau himself.However, success no longer inspired the composer. He was looking for new forms and expressions, noticing the obvious: in his actual form the opera was outdated.

Neither buffoonery, nor a series with its weak content, could attract the audience for a long time. In the pursuit of self -expression, the singers simply distorted the original plan of the composer. Gluck dreamed that the content and melody again become equivalent. The return to Vienna after the Parisian success, the glitch came to Vienna again, and here he found like -minded people in the idea of ​​reforming the Opera.

He was supported by several composers, as well as the head of the court theater. Among those who were dissatisfied with the current state of affairs, there was also a talented librettist, who had long dreamed of getting rid of the domination of metastasio in his opera-series. The famous choreographer of that time Gasparo Anjolini, a famous innovator in the dance, supported the idea of ​​reforms.

The success of the previous production, “Don Juan”, pushed Gluck to the idea of ​​creating a new performance. The plot of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, shifted to the libretto of Ranieri de Kaltsabiji, was taken as a basis. The drama embodied in music was expressed vocally, it was decided to abandon the recitative as accompaniment. The emphasis was on the lyricism of the work, and not on the star status and diversity of the vocals of the singers.

Cooperation, which began so successfully continued. Soon, the creative duet of Kalzabiji and Gluck presented his new works. First, Alcestu in the year, and then Paris Ed Elena, in the second opera, became the dedication of the Duke de LaFoens, an expert in music and mythology. After great success, the production continued in the Parma New Parisian period with the coming to power of Frederick II of Prussia, the interest in Gluck in Vienna began to fade away.

He was no longer a court favorite. Soon Gluck has already signed a contract with the Paris opera. He was to create 6 productions. And the first of them was Iphigenia in Avlid. But the premiere of this opera in the year caused a scandal rather than delight. Opponents of innovative ideas brought to the city the production of Niccolo Pichchini, a supporter of Neapolitan traditions.

As a result, Know Paris literally split into 2 warring parties. And when the “Roland” on which the glitch worked on, was offered to write a Libretto by Pichchini, the composer preferred to simply destroy his achievements. He did not tolerate this humiliating comparison. In August of the same year, the premiere of the second production of Gluck for the Paris Opera was held. For this time, a proven version of Orpheus and Eurydice was chosen.

The audience accepted the production favorably. But Gluck still left for Vienna, where he received the position of court composer, after 20 years of fulfillment of dropmaster duties. He returned to Paris, fulfilling the previous contract. But I didn’t want to live there anymore. In the year, a failed premiere of Echo and Narcissus took place in Paris. The opera withstood only 12 impressions, after which it was removed from the repertoire.

Everything was complicated by the fact that the glitch suffered a serious illness, he felt bad.