Mechanic Kulibin Biography

His surname has long become a household name in the Russian language. But, as the recently conducted survey showed, only five percent of respondents can be called at least one of his inventions. How so? We decided to conduct a small educational program: so what did Ivan Petrovich Kulibin invented? Mechanics, engineering, hourly fishing, shipbuilding - everything was argued in the skillful hands of the Russian self -taught.

He was successful and was close to the empress, but not one of his projects that could make life easier for ordinary people and promoting progress was neither financed, nor implemented by the state. While the entertainment inventions of Kulibin - funny automatons, palace watches, self -propelled guns - were financed with great joy. Kulibin’s waterproof vessel at the end of the 18th century, the most common way of lifting goods on ships against the current was Burlat labor - hard, but relatively inexpensive.

There were alternatives: for example, machine vessels driven by oxen. The oxen working on the vessel rotated the shaft and twisted the anchor rope, pulling the ship to the anchor against the current. At the same time, another boat drove forward the second anchor - this was the continuity of movement. His idea was to use two wheels with blades. The flow, rotating the wheels, transmitted energy to the shaft - the anchor rope was wound up, and the ship pulled itself to the anchor, using the energy of water.

In the process of work, Kulibin was constantly distracted by orders for toys for royal offspring, but he managed to knock out funding for the manufacture and installation of his system on a small ship. In the year, the new ship is Kulibin, loaded almost 65 tons! In the year in Nizhny Novgorod, Kulibin built a second water engine, which was twice as soon as the Burlatovsky bells.

Nevertheless, the Department of Water Communications under Alexander I rejected the idea of ​​the implementation of the invention of Kulibin and banned funding - watercolors were not widespread. Much later, the Kabestans appeared in Europe and the United States - ships who pulled themselves to the anchor using the energy of the steam engine. Swan elevators were created long before the patents of Otis of the middle of the 19th century - such structures acted in ancient Egypt, they were driven by dragging animals or slave force.

She certainly wanted an elevator clerk, and an interesting technical task faced Kulibin. To such an elevator, open from above, it was impossible to attach the winch, and if you “grab” the chair with a winch from below, it would have caused inconvenience to the passenger. Kulibin decided the issue witty: the base of the chair was attached to a long axis-screw and moved along it like a nut.

Catherine sat on her mobile throne, the servant twisted the hilt, the rotation was transmitted to the axis, and she raised the chair to the gallery of the second floor. Kulibin’s screw elevator was completed in the year, the second in history, Elish Otis built a similar mechanism in New York only in m. After the death of Catherine, the elevator was used by courtiers for entertainment, and then was laid with brick.

To date, drawings and the remains of a lifting mechanism have been preserved. He made the current layout, on which he calculated his efforts and stress in various parts of the bridge - despite the fact that the theory of bridge building did not exist at that time! First, the inventor developed the bridge at his own expense, but Count Potemkin allocated money to the final layout.

The model of the Kulibin bridge with a scale reached a length of 30 m. All the calculations of the bridge were presented by the Academy of Sciences and were tested by the famous mathematician Leonard Eler. It turned out that the calculations are correct, and the tests of the model showed that the bridge has a huge margin of strength; Its height allowed sailing ships to take place without any special operations.

Despite the approval of the Academy, the government did not allocate funds for the construction of the bridge. The inventor Kulibin was awarded a medal and received a bonus, by the year the third model was finally rotten, and the first permanent bridge across the Neva Blagoveshchensky was built only in m.

Kulibin was the first to propose to use the lattice farms in the design of the bridge - 30 years before the American architect Itiel Town who patented this system. What else did Ivan Kulibin invented? On the bridge, through the Neva, despite the fact that not a single serious invention of Kulibin was actually appreciated, he was much more fortunate than many other Russian self-taught, who were either not allowed even to the threshold of the Academy of Sciences, or sent back with the runs of the award and the recommendation not to go into business anymore.

The surname is the common name of the inventor Kulibin became a household name in the meaning of “Master for all hands”. This is not a unique case: the words “Pulman”, “diesel”, “Raglan”, “Watman” and others also came from their own names. Most often, the invention simply received a name by the name of the inventor, but Kulibin made the surname the household rumor name.

We have collected several more similar stories. In the year, Irish workers refused to work on Boycotta due to dog rental conditions.The fight of Boycott with strikers led to the fact that people began to ignore the manager, as if it did not exist at all: he was not served in stores, they did not talk to him. This phenomenon is called the Boycot. He became the Minister after the Seven Years War, who plunged France into a crisis.

The silhouette was forced to overlap with taxes almost all signs of wealth - from expensive curtains to servants, and the rich masked their states, buying cheap things. Increase items, masking wealth, began to be called by-line things, and in the middle of the 19th century, the most simple and cheap variety of painting was received by such a name-a circuit on the contour.

The word "hooligan" appeared in the police reports of London in the year when describing youth gangs, which were facing in the Lambet area. They were called Hooligan Boys by analogy with the already famous police of the London thief Patrick Hooligan. A word picked up the press and led him to the rank of a whole phenomenon called HoolIganism hooliganism. For example, Kulibin very often attributes the invention of a pedal scooter of a bike mobile, while such a system was created by another Russian self-taught engineer, and Kulibin was the second.

Consider some of the common misconceptions. She was designed for one passenger, and a servant standing on the comma and pressing the pedal in turn. The self -playing stroller for some time served as an attraction for the nobility, and then lost in history; Only her drawings have been preserved. Kulibin was not the inventor of the cycle car-40 years before it was built in St.

Petersburg by a similar inventor-self-taught Samo-teacher Leonty Shamshurenkov, a well-known in particular, the development of the lifting system, which was never used for its intended purpose, built in St. Petersburg. The design of Shamsshurenkov was double, in later drawings, the inventor planned to build self -propelled sledges with a layout of the speedometer, but, alas, did not receive the proper funding.

Like Kulibin’s scooter, Shamsshurenkov’s scooter has not reached this day. The prosthesis of the Kulibin system, despite the favorable reviews of the St. Petersburg doctors, led by Professor Ivan Fedorovich Bush, was rejected by the military department, and the serial production of mechanical prostheses imitating the shape of the leg, later began in France. Systems of reflecting mirrors existed before it in particular, used on lighthouses, but the design of the kulibin was much closer to the modern spotlight: a single candle, reflected from the mirror reflectors placed in the concave hemisphere, gave a strong and directed flow of light.

The master himself subsequently manufactured a number of spotlights for individual orders of shipowners, and also made a compact lantern for the carriage on the basis of the same system - this brought him a certain income. The inventor Kulibin was the absence of copyright protection - the carriage of Kulibinsky lanterns began to make other masters massively, which greatly depreciated the invention.