Biography Platonova Grade 11

He is the first to really understand everything. I understood everything and understood from the inside, and not from the opposite camp. Bitov Andrei Platonov never left Russia, although he was enrolled in the category of “objectionable” authors. The writer’s civic position is explained by the words of his hero: “Platonov lived modestly and did not occupy high public posts, composed talented works, but for a long time his name remained unfamiliar to the Soviet reader.

Only during the years of perestroika, the comprehension of his special art world and style began, which requires intense, thoughtful work. Andrei Platonovich Kliment, the real name of the writer, one might say, is the same age of the twentieth century. Andrei’s childhood was ordinary for the Sloboda kids, but it was it that gave the first life impressions, which later embodied in the artistic images of an “adult childhood”, a child as a center of the universe.

Andrei is the eldest son in a family where there were 11 children, so he helped to raise and raise younger sisters and brothers. It accumulates the experience of close observation of the surrounding life, a huge responsibility for others. From his father, a locksmith of railway workshops, Andrei was passionate about a passionate enthusiasm for technology, which forever determined his interest in the exact sciences.

The youth of the future writer coincides with the difficult period in the history of Russia. During the First World War, Andrei Kliment for 14-16 hours works in a hot workshop at a steam locomotive factory in Voronezh. At the age of 19, he fights in the ranks of the Red Army. After the establishment of Soviet power, he graduates from the technical school, receives the profession of a millierator engineer, is engaged in literature, writes a lot.

Since the fall of the year, he has been working "in the local Soviet press." He is a reporter, a correspondent of Voronezh newspapers. In the year, the book “Blue Depth” is published, signed by the pseudo-smell of Platonov. This is the first and only poetic collection of the author. The youth and youth of the Soviet writer Andrei Platonov is spiritualized by the idea of ​​building a new society, grandiose plans for the reconstruction of the world, a foreboding of the future, in which the principles of equality, fraternity, and freedom will be embodied.

The idea of ​​a large -scale transformation in the speeches of the Voronezh Commune correspondent is permeated with socialist ideas: “The workers are low -sized engines, and he puts on a drive belt into the orbit of the Earth, like a pulley.” Romantic maximalism leads to the conviction: nothing personal should be disturbed by the implementation of great plans - can and should only be tested for socialism.

Platonov becomes a supporter of the theory of “common cause” proposed by the Russian philosopher N. Fedorov - he argued that a person can subordinate nature and achieve immortality with universal effort, concentration of attention on spiritual principles. The war will become a relic, its occurrence will be simply impossible, and the task of the army will be the protection of mankind from natural disasters.

Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov was called the Moscow Socrates. The Russian thinker and philosopher-futurologist argued that in the future, as a result of the implementation of the theory of “universal business”, the resurrection of the dead is possible. Respectful and admiration spoke about Fedorov and his views L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, V. The ideas of Fedorov found the embodiment of Platonov’s fantastic novels “The descendants of the Sun”, “Ether tract”, the story “Lunar Bomb”.

The hero of the "etheric tract" is engaged in the "growing electron", it is convinced that its discovery will solve the energy problems of mankind. In the story “Sandless Teacher”, the young teacher Maria Naryshkina, having got to work into a village located among the sands, seeks to turn the desert into the garden, stubbornly planting and growing plants. The story "Sandless teacher" has an autobiographical basis.

It is known that Maria Kashintseva, the future wife of Andrei Platonova, became the prototype of the heroine. At first, she did not want to marry, so she escaped from the writer to the village 60 km from Voronezh, where she was engaged in the elimination of illiteracy. But fantastic projects were corrected by life itself, not allowing to break away from reality. Catastrophic events did not pass by the writer, not lifted up with a beautiful utopia of universal happiness.

Platonov painfully experiences hunger in the Volga region and decides: “being a technician” cannot engage in “contemplative business - literature”. From for a year, he works as an engineering engineer, an agricultural specialist, serves in the Voronezh land administration. In the year he was transferred to Moscow, where he leaves with his wife Maria Alexandrovna Kashintseva and son Plato.

Platonov continues to write. In the year, the first prose collection “Epifan gateways” is published, which included the novels “City of Grad”, “A secret person”. In the story "Epiphanes" the author, pondering the present, turns to the era of Peter the Great. In the tragedy of the English engineer Bertrand Perry, ignorance and conservatism of the non -supporting reform of Peter the Russian people, who fled from the construction of the canal to monastery and deaf places, reveals.But a foreign engineer is reproached by ignorance of the characteristics of the Russian people, an unwillingness to understand their nature.

Platonov is looking for artistic means to comprehend and display a new society. They are prompted by the heritage of N. Gogol, M. In the novel “City of Grad” grotesquely and sprinkled, the emptying of the “state residents” is ridiculed. Ivan Fedotovich Shmakov writes “Notes of a State Man”, in which “the principles of a person’s depersonalization of a person, with the aim of degeneration into an absolute citizen with legally ordered actions for every moment of being” are brought to the absurdity.

The originality of the Platonic style lies in the fact that the artist comprehends the current modernity, turning to folklore images and motives. His Thomas Pukhov, the main character of the novel “A Hidden Man”, puts on a mask of a “natural fool” and with folk estimates and naivety frankly ridicules those who declared themselves the “universal leader of the Caspian Sea”, prompted by careerists, and bureaucracy that grows with the speed of mold also gets from him.

The heroes of Platonov are restless wanderers, truth -seekers, righteous people who went on the road to see and evaluate a new life with their own eyes. One of them is Makar Ganushkin. He, upset by what he saw, has already prayed: "The soul of the road is given to our souls, since you are an inventor." The story “The doubted Makar”, which exposed the results of the revolution harsh criticism, was perceived as “anarchist”, “Pasquilus for Soviet power”.

In years, Platonov acts as a recognized proletarian writer. He could become a successful Soviet author, but one of the first to understand the utopia of the construction of socialism and felt the severity of the social situation. The record remained in his archive: “Now that all the processes are the highest tragic stress, the literature should be screaming, it must expose the essence of things, - no steat is needed” on October 20.

In the year, a scandal erupted around Platonov. Stalin, having read the story, demanded “punish the author”. Platonova angrily fell upon proletarian criticism. Soon he was counted for "objectionable." He remained unrelated “Chevengur”, the “pit”, “Juvenile Sea”, this trilogy-antiotopia will be published in the Soviet Union only in the years, remained on the table. Platonov's families touched repression.

The son of the writer Plato was arrested in the year. The prison blew up his health. Father looked after him and became infected with tuberculosis. However, the writer did not refuse creative activity and did not try, like many, to leave his homeland. More precisely and deeper than others, understanding the essence of what is happening, he, in order to survive physically and spiritually, remain in order and not to betray the great literature, changes the creative manner.

In the trilogy - “Chevengur”, “pit”, “juvenile sea” - the container is encoded in a fabulous, mythopoetic form, and the works are not easy due to the deliberately distorted language. For the creative manner of the writer, who has learned the logic of the popular riddle since childhood, the stylistics of the hint, encryption of information are characteristic. The reader himself must solve the hidden meanings of the names of his own, images-symbols, speech, in which the author’s language and “wrong” statements of the heroes-playarians are organically connected.

Platonov’s creativity and fate in years determined military events. During the Great Patriotic War, Platonov as a military correspondent participates in battles in Belarus. The writer characterized these years to return: “I spent the whole war at the front, in the dugouts the Russian people are long -suffering, such that censorship always exhausts me, crosses and does not let me talk about the Russian people, I was tired for the war, however, after a year he was not printed at all.

In the last years of his life, Platonov is sick, but continues to work - he is engaged in literary processing of folk tales. He tries to comprehend his fate, unusual and thorny, happy and tragic, in the story “Unknown Flower”, predicting his own long oblivion and resurrection as an artist, whose birth was predetermined by the secret laws of nature and human life. Andrei Platonov died in Moscow in the year.

How is the biography of Andrei Platonov related to the history of the country? Relate the historical events and facts of the personal formation of the writer. Based on the previously studied material, prepare the message "The role of A. Platonov in the development of children's literature." Prepare the message: “A. Platonov during the Great Patriotic War.

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