Petka Chapaev Biography

History of Fact: 14 of the most popular legends about Chapaev Chapaev was an illegitimate son of the governor's daughter and a vagabal artist-tsigan? Trotsky wanted to shoot him, and Stalin, on the contrary, adored? Chapaev actually did not die and worked as a carpenter until the end of his days? In the new issue of the heading, we talk about the legendary commander of the Red Army Legend 1.

Chapaev and Petka really did not exist: they are the characters of the book Verdict: this is not true. They were familiar personally: the future writer for several months served as the commissar of the Rifle Division, commanded by Chapaev. He was nevertheless inclined to portray the beginning “really with the little things, with sins, with all the human demand” by D. Collected Works.

Literary notes. Other characters who were alive at the time of writing, including Furmanov himself, are given under other people's names. Petka Isaev also existed. In the book, he is a little less than 26-28 years old. In fact, Petka was nine years younger than Chapaev. According to other sources, the age difference was even less. In the tsarist army, Isaev rose to the non-commissioned officer, and during the Civil War he was appointed an instructor for instructions and the head of the division.

He participated in the battles many times, headed the units of the division and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. According to the most reliable version, Peter Isaev died in battle with Chapaev. However, it is not too reliable, because it comes from the daughter of Chapaev Claudia, who told about this only in the years. The directors themselves argued that when working on a script in many documents and memoirs, they met references to women who voluntarily went to the Red Army.

Then the idea came up to introduce a female character. This small episode served as the basis for the plot. However, Popova herself considered the image of Anka collective and called several fellow soldiers at once, who fought along with men. Legend 2. Chapaev was an illegitimate son of the governor's daughter and a vagrant artist-tsigan Verdict: this is not true.

Vasily Chapaev at the funeral of his brother - Military district commissar of the city of Balakovo Grigory Ivanovich Chapaev. In the necrologist for the death of the beginning, he wrote: “Chapaev is the son of an artist-Tsigan and the daughter of the Kazan governor, whose surname I do not remember. When the girl, the governor's daughter, became pregnant, the gypsy threw her and disappeared without a trace; The governor at that time was no longer alive.

The girl came to her mother with obedient. She after a strict reprimand took her back and settled in her house. During childbirth, the governor's daughter died. At the same time, Furmanov admitted that he only said what he himself told him. One way or another, detailed studies of the genealogy of Chapaev, traced until the end of the 18th century, prove that there were no gypsies, no governor's daughter, or even Kucherov.

In this part of the biography of the beginning there were no white spots. Legend 3. Chapaev was a completely illiterate verdict: this is not true. Vasily Chapaev sits in the center with the commanders of the Caucasian regiment named after Garibaldi before leaving for the academy. Although he did not graduate from the full course, it can be assumed that the future reading, letters and arithmetic skills received the future beginning.

Moreover, in the year, after mobilization, he was enrolled in the training team of the GO Belgorai regiment, where non-commissioned officers were prepared. The most disciplined and only competent soldiers were taken there. He sought to catch up and shortly before the revolution in a short time read many books - mainly about the exploits of outstanding commanders. Collection of documents.

He very soon threw a military educational institution, including because of his weak general training. Until the end of his life, Vasily Chapaev wrote slowly, withdrawing every letter, with a large number of spelling errors and without punctuation marks. Legend 4. Before the outbreak of World War I, Chapaev wandered a verdict: most likely, this is not true. Vasily Chapaev below among Balakovo friends.

This period includes several sometimes not coinciding professions that the future red commander managed to try before calling for military service in the year. It is indicated that he visited a boy in the escape in a trading shop, the sexual, that is, a waiter in a tavern, a shepherd, a student in carpentry workshops, as a carpenter with his father and brothers worked to hire, wandering along the Volga and the Zavolzhsky steppes.

There is a mention of the more extravagant period of his biography. Dmitry Furmanov wrote in a diary from the words of Chapaev: “At 18, for two years he was an articulated. Then he had a girlfriend Nastya, dancer and Pevunya, with whom he lived until the Soldier’s very ”D. was conveyed by Ivan Kutyakov, who served under the leadership of the legendary commander. True, there the young Chapaev himself already sang to the music of the scarlet, wandering around the cities of the Volga.

Both of these stories are based on the story of Chapaev himself. However, there are numerous evidence that the start of love loved or embellish his biography, or completely tell something fantastic.When checking, these stories do not find documentary evidence, as, for example, in the case of origin. Probably, here is a fable before us.

Legend 5. Chapaev was an anarchist Verdict: this is not quite true. However, not only Furmanov and Kutyakov recalled this, but also several former party workers of the city of Nikolaevsk, where Chapaev served. According to these testimonies, after February, he managed to visit the party of constitutional democrats in abbreviated as “K. In Furmanov’s novel, he began his logic in this way: “I was hazing with the Esers and the assembly - and then I heard anarchists.

Here it is, I think, where is it! People achieve everything at all, and there is no constraint-everyone has their own will ... ”D. In addition, there is no documentary confirmation of Chapaev’s belonging to the Saratov revolutionary group of anarchist communists. It is possible that Chapaev for some time could consider himself a supporter, but officially did not enter into any political organization before transferring to Nikolaevsk, where he became a Bolshevik.

In the column on political affiliation, Chapaev only wrote that since September 28, he was listed as a Bolshevik. Legend 6. Chapaev forbade his fighters to harm the local population a verdict: this is only partly true. So, in November, before the offensive to Uralsk, the start issued the order: “But, comrades, you must show the greatest restraint and nobility when entering the city, like honest fighters for the holy work of the liberation of their native brothers - labor Cossacks, workers and peasants ...

There should be no violence, no robberies and no hooliganism on our part” legendary. The words of Chapaev, uttered at the rally, are often quoted. They were recorded in the diary of the Furmanov: “Comrades, I will not tolerate what is happening, I will shoot everyone who will be noticed in the robbery ... But I get in - shoot me, do not regret Chapaev” D.

In essence, this was more likely to maintain discipline than concern for the local population. It must be borne in mind that in January - March of the year, the detachments, led by Chapaev, were engaged in the seizure of “surplus” of bread in Nikolaev district and suppressed the “kulak rebellions”, that is, the uprisings of peasants, dissatisfied with the aggressive food policy of the Bolsheviks.

The organizers of such rebellions were shot, arrested or fed, and bread was confiscated at the "rural bourgeoisie". Nikolaev detachments became the basis of the units of the Red Army, commanded by Chapaev. It is not surprising that later poorly disciplined, “partisan”, units of Chapaev had a bad reputation among the red command. According to the records of the adjutant of the 4th Army for September, the Chapaevites were “famous” by terrorized the population, took food, fodder, that is, feed for horses, and so on, which caused dissatisfaction with the Red Army among the people.

Maybe there is an exaggeration here, but Chapaev himself knew that behind his division “entire wagons stretch with unnecessary property: piano, piano, gramophones, beds, mattresses and others” A. Chapaev, K. Chapaev, Ya. Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev: outline of life and combat activity. Cheboksary, thus, if I began and was against looting, he could or wanted to do much to suppress it.

Legend 7. Chapaev was always “ahead of the horse” verdict: this is not quite true. Shot from the movie "Chapaev". His military experience was exclusively infantry. According to numerous testimonies, he knew how to ride and really was often in advanced positions. However, having received the division in command, Chapaev began to move more often around the battlefield and when crossing the motorcycle with a stroller or by car.

In reports to the military authorities, he repeatedly demanded such transport, referring to his injuries, which made it difficult to control the horse. For some time at the division headquarters there was a heavy Packard Packard - an American brand of cars that existed in the years. Legend 8. Chapaev destroyed the troops of Kolchak Verdict: this is not true. Kappelevites, "Mental attack." He first commanded small detachments, then regiments, and then brigades and divisions.

These are really large military formations, but they perform tactical, not strategic tasks. The units under the command of Chapaev were distinguished, for example, during the important Bugusurlan and Belebeye operations, the capture of Ufa and when the Uralsk is released. However, they are hardly decisive for the defeat of the whites in the East.