Ostrovsky in biography

Alexander Ostrovsky was born on March 31 on April 12 BC. Children's years took place in Zamoskvorechye, the Merchant and Meshchansky district of Moscow. I received a good home education, studying foreign languages ​​since childhood. Subsequently knew the Greek, French, German, and later - English, Italian, Spanish. At the age of 12, he was given to the 1st Moscow gymnasium, which he graduated from and entered the law faculty of Moscow University-he listened to lectures of such advanced professors as T.

Granovsky, M. The desire for literary creativity coincides with the passionate enthusiasm of the theater, on the scenes of which the great actors M. Shchepkin and P. Ostrovsky left the university-its legal science-legal sciences-legal sciences-legal sciences of its legal sciences-legal sciences of its legal science They ceased to be interested, and he makes the decision to seriously engage in literature.

But, at the insistence of his father, he entered the service in the Moscow Ledinth Court. Work in court gave the future playwright rich material for his plays. B was written the comedy “Your people - we will consider it! Inspired by success and recognition, Ostrovsky wrote one, and sometimes several plays, creating a whole “Ostrovsky Theater”, including 47 plays of various genres. B becomes an employee of the magazine Moskvityan, is part of the circle of writers, actors, musicians, artists.

These years gave a lot of playwright in creative terms. At this time, the “Morning of the Young Man”, the “unexpected case” in Ostrovsky left the service to give all his strength and time to give literary creativity. Continuing the Gogol's accusatory traditions, he writes the comedies “Poor Bride”, “did not agree on the characters” but in, abandoning the “tough” look at Russian life, writes Pogodin: “Let the Russian man rejoice, seeing himself on the stage, which is longing.

There are correctors without us. ” Comedies followed: “Do not sit down in your sled”, “Poverty is not a vice”, “Not as you want as you want” Chernyshevsky reproached the playwright of the ideological and artistic falsehood of his new position. Ostrovsky’s further work was attended by an expedition organized by the Maritime Ministry to study the life and crafts of the population associated with rivers and shipping, he traveled along the Volga, from sources to Nizhny Novgorod, during which he kept detailed entries, studied the life of the local population.

In - 60, in the preformal period, comes closer to the revolutionary democrats, comes to a certain “synthesis”, returning to the exposure of the “rulers” and contrasting them with their “little people”. Plays appear: “In someone else's feast of a hangover”, “profitable place”, “pupil”, “thunderstorm”, Dobrolyubov enthusiastically appreciated the drama “Thunderstorm”, devoting an article “Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom” to her historical drama, considering such plays necessary in the theater’s repertoire: Chronics “Tushino”, “Dmitry Impaean and Vasily, Vasily, Vasily and Vasily.

Shuisky ”, the psychological drama“ Vasilisa Melentyev ”in E draws the life of the post -reform nobility:“ For every sage is quite simplicity ”,“ Frantic money ”,“ Forest ”,“ Wolves and sheep ”is a special place is occupied by the play“ Snow Maiden ”, which expressed the lyrical beginning of Ostrovsky’s drama. In the last period of creativity, a whole series of plays was written on the fate of a woman in entrepreneurial Russia - “The Last Sacrifice”, “The Unpridant”, “The Heart is not a Stone”, “Talents and Fans”, “Without guilt”, and others died.

Ostrovsky June 2, 14 n. Materials of Prince. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolaevich - the famous dramatic writer.

Born on March 31, the city of Ostrovsky lost in childhood and received no systematic education. All his childhood and part of his youth passed in the very center of Zamoskvorechye, who at that time, under the conditions of his life, a very special world. This world was inhabited by his imagination with the ideas and types that he later reproduced in his comedies. Thanks to the large library of his father, Ostrovsky got acquainted with Russian literature early and felt an inclination to writings; But the father certainly wanted to make him a lawyer.

After graduating from a gymnasium course, Ostrovsky entered the law faculty of Moscow University. He failed to finish the course due to some clash with one of the professors. At the request of his father, he entered the service with a scribe, first in the conscientious, then to the commercial court. This determined the nature of his first literary experiments; In court, he continued to observe the peculiar Zamoskvoret types that he knew from childhood, asking for literary processing.

To the city of Ostrovsky and Dmitry Gorev. The latter was a provincial actor the real name-Tarasenkov, the author of two or three plays, already played on stage, accidentally acquainted with Ostrovsky and offered him his cooperation. It did not go further than one scene, but subsequently served as a source of great trouble for Ostrovsky, as it gave him the ill -wishers to blame him for assigning someone else's literary work.

Picture of family happiness. "These scenes were reprinted, in the corrected form and with the name of the author, under the title: “Family Picture”, on the “Contemporary” by G. G. The most memorable and expensive day of his life, he recognized on February 14 G. Shevyrev and, in the presence of A. Khomyakov, professors, writers, employees of the Moscow City Leaf, read this play a month later.

Shevyrev and Khomyakov, hugging a young writer, greeted his dramatic talent. He also tried strength in a narrative gender, in feuilleton stories from Zamoskvoretsky life. By the end of the city of Ostrovsky, he read it to his university comrade A. Pisemsky; At the same time, he met with the famous artist P. Sadovsky, who saw a literary revelation in his comedy and began to read it in different Moscow circles, by the way - from Countess E.

Rostopchina, who usually gathered young writers, who had just started their literary activities B. Almazov, N. Berg, L. May, T. Filippov, N. Shapovalov, E. were all in close ones, E. Friendly relations with Ostrovsky since his students, and all accepted Pogodin’s proposal to work in the updated Moskvityanin, compiling the so -called “young edition” of this magazine. Soon, Apollo Grigoryev took an outstanding position in this circle, who acted as a forerunner of identity in the literature and became an ardent defender and praise of Ostrovsky, as a representative of this identity.

Ostrovsky’s comedy, under the changed title: “We’ll consider our people,” after long troubles with censorship, reaching the highest authorities, was printed in the 2nd March book of Moskvityanin G. On the stage, she appeared only in G., following this first comedy of Ostrovsky in Moskvityanin and other magazines, his other plays began to appear annually: in G., in all these plays, Ostrovsky appeared to be a visor of such aspects of Russian life, which were almost not at all pronounced by literature and were completely not reproduced on stage.

Deep knowledge of the life of the depicted environment, the bright vitality and the truth of the image, a kind of lively and colorful language, clearly reflecting that real Russian speech of “Moscow Prosteen”, which Pushkin advised Russian writers to learn - all this artistic realism with all the simplicity and sincerity, to which even Gogol did not rise, was found in our criticism with violent enthusiasm, others - bending, with a bending, denial and denial and denial.

mockery. While A. Grigoryev, proclaiming himself the “prophet Ostrovsky”, tirelessly repeated that the “new word” of our literature was found in the works of the young playwright, it was the “nationality”, the critics of the progressive direction reproached Ostrovsky for the gravity of pre -Petrine antiquity, to the “Slavophilism” of the Kogostinsky sense, and even saw the idealization in his comedies tyranny, called him "Gostinodvorsky Cotcepa." Chernyshevsky sharply negatively reacted to the play “Poverty is not a vice”, seeing in it some sentimental sweetness in the image of a hopeless, supposedly “patriarchal”, everyday life; Other critics were indignant at Ostrovsky for building some kinds and boots with bottles to the degree of “heroes”.

Free from aesthetic and political bias, the theater public irrevocably decided the case in favor of Ostrovsky. The talented Moscow actors and actresses-Sadovsky, S. Vasiliev, Stepanov, Nikulin-Kositskaya, Borozdin and others-forced to advocate until then, at single exceptions, or in vulgar vaudevilles, or in the French strokes converted from French, written, moreover, barbaric language, immediately felt in the plays of Ostrovsky The trend of a living, close and native Russian life to them gave all their strength to its true image on stage.

And the theater public saw in the performance of these artists a really “new word” of stage art - simplicity and naturalness, saw people living on stage without any pretense. With his works, Ostrovsky created the school of real Russian dramatic art, simple and real, as much alien pretentiousness and affectation, how alien all the great works of our literature are.

His merit was primarily understood and appreciated in the theater environment, the most free from biased theories. When in the city of a short report on this trip appeared in the "Marine Collection" in Maksimov, but still remains unnecessary. Several months spent in the immediate vicinity of the local population gave Ostrovsky a lot of living impressions, expanded and deepened the knowledge of Russian life in his artistic terms - in a mark, song, fairy tale, historical tradition, in the thumbs and customs of antiquity.

All this was reflected in the later works of Ostrovsky and even more strengthened their national significance. Not limited to the life of Zamoskvoretsky merchants, Ostrovsky introduces the world of large and petty bureaucracy, and then landowners into the circle of actors. In g. In the same year, two volumes of Ostrovsky’s works appeared, in the publication of Count G.

this publication was the reason for the brilliant assessment that Ostrovsky Dobrolyubov gave and which secured the glory of the image of the “dark kingdom” behind him. Reading now, after half a century, in the articles of Dobrolyubov, we cannot help but see their journalistic nature. Ostrovsky himself, by nature, was not a satirist at all, even almost not a comedian; With truly epic objectivity, caring only about the truth and vitality of the image, he “calmly matured on the right and guilty, not knowing either pity or anger” and at all hiding his love for a simple “mermaid”, in which even among the ugly manifestations of life, he always knew how to find certain attractive features.

Ostrovsky himself was such a “rosach”, and all Russian found a sympathetic echo in his heart. In his own words, he cared primarily to show the Russian person on the stage: “Let him see himself and rejoice. There are correctors without us.