Bergholz Olga Biography

The latest news biography of her poems helped Leningraders survive in through the frozen blockade city and not lose human dignity. People dying of exhaustion listened to the appeal of the poetess from the black plates of reproductors and strengthened in faith to survive until the end of the war. The voice of Olga Bergholz was not in vain a symbol of victory, and the poetess - the blocked Madonna and the muse of the besieged city.

Childhood and youth Olga, or Lyalya, as her relatives called her, was born in the spring of the year in the city on the Neva and became the first child of a graduate of the University of Derpt, surgeon Fedor Khristoforovich Berggolts, who was Russified Germans. Olga’s mother Maria Timofeevna Grustilina was an intelligent and educated woman, “from the former”. Two girls were born in marriage - Olga Lyalya and Maria Musya.

A nanny and governess helped a woman to look after children and home. The family lived in an old house near the Neva outpost. The revolution and the civil war pulled out Dr. Berggolts from a peaceful life - the field surgeon went to the front. Hunger and devastation forced the family to leave Petrograd and move to Uglich. The Berggolians settled in the cold room, once a cell of the former monastery.

Non -meanness, poverty, lice - Lyalya and Musya in childhood experienced all the hardships of wartime. In Uglich, Olga went to school. Later, the father, who returned from the front, took his relatives from there. If it weren’t for the revolution, Lyalya and Musya would certainly have become schoolgirls, students of the Institute of Noble Maidens. But the rules and fashion dictated the post -revolutionary time.

Fyodor Khristoforovich, an atheist, who taught the girls, that religion is a prejudice, and the believing Chisary young ladies were a relic of the past. Then she wrote the first poems called “Pioneers”. At 15, the girl came to the work club, where the Youth Literary Association “Change” was formed. Young people and adolescents, practicing in writing poetry, met with the masters.

The masters of the poetic word shared their experience, listened to young poems, gave advice. Literature the first verses of the summer Olga Bergholz appeared in the year in the factory wall newspaper. And in 15 fiery lines “Songs of the Ban” were printed by the Soviet newspaper for children and adolescents “Lenin Sparks”. The first praise of the literary talent of Bergholz sounded from the mouth of the respected master Korney Chukovsky.

At the poetic evening of the Litobobean “Change”, the thin fair -haired Olga recited the “Stone Dudka” - one of the first copyright works. Korney Ivanovich, hugging the girl by the shoulders, put her a great future. But the creative biography of Bergholz did not develop as rapidly as we wanted. In the young poets with burning eyes, cut, dressed in the assault on Khaki, there were more than enough.

Bergholz was little different from colleagues, Glory bypassed her. In the year, Olga, along with a talented colleague from the “shift” by Boris Kornilov, who fell in love with without memory, became a student of art history courses. After their closure, the couple switched to the philological faculty of Leningrad University. Bergholtz undercarrow practice in Vladikavkaz.

Yesterday's student admired the Caucasus, feeling incredible inspiration. She traveled Ossetia, visited the construction of a hydroelectric power station, wandered in the mountains for days and tiredly composed poems - still weak, inexpressive. Bergholz helped journalistic work to find out life, study people, and form a worldview. Olga fell in love with the Caucasus so that she planned to return to these lands after graduating from the university.

Fate ordered otherwise: having received a diploma, the graduate went to Kazakhstan. She worked as a correspondent of the newspaper “Soviet steppe”, with her second husband Nikolai Molchanov lived in difficult everyday conditions, but felt happy. Olga wrote articles, essays, stories. Her first poetic collection for children was released, called "Winter-Sleet-Popugai." Olga Bergholz returned to Leningrad in the year and got a job in the factory newspaper Elektrosil.

In M, a book of poems, named "Lyrics" came out. Bergholz was admitted to the Union of Writers. But this period of the writer's life was marked by a chain of tragic events. After the murder of Sergei Kirov, cleaning began in the northern capital. In the spring of the year, the Soviet press appointed a group of writers “enemies of the people”, including the former husband of the poetess Boris Kornilov.

Bergholz was expelled from the Union of Writers for the connection with the disgraced poet. Three months later, the journalist was fired from work. She got a job at school, where she taught children Russian and literature. In January, GO was a decree “On the mistakes of party organizations”, which allowed Olga Bergholz to hope for the relief of bullying. After the writer’s statement, she was restored in the joint venture, in early autumn she was admitted to the factory newspaper, in its former place.

But the ex -husband Boris Kornilov was shot rehabilitated in the m. As it turned out, Bergholz “Beren” for a more serious accusation: at the end of the year, Olga was arrested, calling the Trotskyist and a participant in the terrorist group, preparing an attempt on Andrei Zhdanov and Clement Voroshilov.During interrogations, a woman was beaten, she lost her child.

The configuration was knocked out of Bergholz, she was threatened with a shot article. Salvation came from the one from whom Olga Bergholz did not expect him: Alexander Fadeev helped to get out of dungeons. In the writer, a record appeared about the testimony under pressure. The husband Nikolai Molchanov helped to survive what happened. But the beginning of the Great Patriotic War prevented the quiet family happiness.

The war of Olga Bergholtz went to the front, although he had a disability. In January, Molchanov worsened epilepsy, he ended up in the hospital and died on January 29. In the spring of the year, Olga Bergholz father was called a socially dangerous element the reason was a German surname and sent to Krasnoyarsk. The poetess was diagnosed with dystrophy, friends transported her to Moscow, saving her life.

The woman returned after 2 months. She worked on the radio, her voice for the exhausted Leningraders became his native. The radio broadcasts of Bergholz, who personified the courage of the city inhabitants on the Neva, entered the collection "Says Leningrad" after the war. In the "Leningrad poem" the image of the besieged city faced the readers. This is only one of several dozen works about the blockade of Leningrad, the most piercing.

Under the pen of Olga Fedorovna, in those terrible years, the poems “February Diary” and “Memory of Defenders” were born. After the war, Bergholz wrote the book “Daystream Stars” - a philosophical diary that summarized the experienced. Finally, the country appreciated the merits of the writer, showered Olga Bergholz with orders and medals. But the main award was the folk love and the title of "Leningrad Madonna." The poetess’s lines known to everyone were carved at the Piskarevsky cemetery: “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.” But the difficulties in the life of Olga Fedorovna did not stop even after victory.

She was blamed for friendship with Anna Akhmatova, the book “Says Leningrad” was removed from the libraries. In the winter of the year there was no father of the poetess. The totality of the suffering experienced affected the woman’s psyche wounded by tragedies: Bergholz got into the hospital for mentally ill. Then the poem “Nothing will return” appeared, the lines of which were saturated with despair: “I lost everything - why it was a little to zoom.

In them, Olga Fedorovna mercilessly scourged the power that made terrible human victims in the war. Personal life of happiness smiled at Olga Bergholz rarely. Her personal life was full of disappointments and losses. The youthful love of the talented Boris Kornilov ended with parting: her husband’s star disease grew into alcoholism. Parts and reconciliation exhausted Olga.

The husband left, leaving her daughter Irina. The last time they saw Kornilov shortly before the death of Kornilov. Olga Bergholz married a second time. Nikolai Molchanov turned out to be the main man in her life, he forgave fleeting novels and idolized his wife. In marriage with Molchanov, the second daughter was born - Maya. A year later, in M, the girl died.

And after 4 years, the eldest daughter of Ira died, the cause of death became the cause of death. All subsequent pregnancies Olga Bergholz were interrupted. The last time a woman lost a child in the NKVD dungeons. Feminine happiness smiled briefly for a briefly after the death of Nikolai Molchanov. Radio Committee, Georgy Makogunenko, took care of the poetess when she, exhausted by hunger and grief, lost her desire to cling to life.

Later, Olga Fedorovna wrote a poem called “Babier Summer” about his love for him. George left Olga, another woman appeared in his life. In old age on the night table, Olga Bergholz stood a photo of her second husband - Nikolai Molchanov. The death of Olga Fedorovna was gone on November 13th. The muse of the blockade Leningrad was just fulfilled