Free biography of Lomonosov

Lomonosov - a person of the New Age M. Lomonosov - a person of the New Age, such a genius as Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov, appear in history not only once a century or a millennium, but in general only once. Their life and contribution to science and culture can show the whole world, and above all to compatriots, what we are today. Studying personalities of this scale, we can, even after centuries, is better to understand ourselves.

I would like to dwell in more detail on the merits of Lomonosov as a scientist who make him unforgettable and relevant today, not only for science, but also for time as a whole, they make modern new times a unique example of a person. Mikhail Lomonosov is the first Russian scientist-encyclopedist of the world level. Moscow University - the largest in the world - is not accidentally named Lomonosov.

This person for the first time in Russia created the laboratories of physics and chemistry, made a noticeable contribution to the development of metallurgy, geology and geography. His molecular-kinetic theory was in many ways ahead of its time. In addition, Mikhail Lomonosov is considered the ancestor of Russian poetry, he also made a noticeable contribution to historical science, economics and art.

These achievements are rightfully put by Mikhail Lomonosov on a par with the great European encyclopedists, who are usually called representatives of the New Renaissance. World -class scientists appeared in Europe in modern times, when competition between countries has sharply aggravated, and great geographical discoveries made the whole world an object of expansion of Europeans.

The criterion for determining the new time, its “novelty” compared to the previous era was the heyday during the renaissance of secular science and culture, that is, not socio-economic, but a spiritual and cultural factor. By tremendous efforts and victims, the Russian emperor Peter I turned his country into one of the leading European monarchies. Access to education was opened to all sectors of society, including immigrants from the lower class - peasants who were in a half -grab state at that time.

The peasant by origin was Mikhail Lomonosov. Access to the formation of all layers of society played in those days a key role in the emergence of scientific geniuses, whose discoveries helped a lot of countries to become world leaders. Speaking about the influence of Lomonosov on the Russian, and wider - world culture, I would like to distinguish several main aspects.

Firstly, the very life of Lomonosov’s life, which is very unusual for her time, has become an example of patriotism and understanding the importance of creating a national culture by the forces of people who belong to this culture. This was relevant during Lomonosov, when there were many foreigners in science and culture, and today, when the problems of national science are obvious both in Russia and in India.

This happens as a result of the fact that for scientists in the country, conditions are not created that contribute to their creative and scientific growth. Secondly, the scientific discoveries of Lomonosov in various fields of knowledge not only played a significant role in the development of world science, but, which is fundamentally important for the science, industry and development of Russia, turned out to be in demand there and brought real benefits.

This historical fact can be an example for both modern Russia and other countries, for example, India, which have similar problems of brain leaks similar to Russia. Thirdly, the versatility, encyclopedicity of Knomonosov’s knowledge and scientific interests is an example to follow in a modern education system that gravitates, on the contrary, not to versatility, but to unidirection: this applies to both the new project of Russian education and the adopted education system in India.

To the city of Lomonosov, he was mainly engaged in physical research, and in gg. His works related to mathematics, physics, chemistry, earth sciences, astronomy, have become a line in the development of science, separating natural philosophy and experimental natural science. Lomonosov outlined the foundations of atomic-corps teaching, developed a kinetic theory of heat, substantiated the need to attract physics to explain the phenomena of chemistry and proposed the name “physical chemistry” for the theoretical part of chemistry, and for the practical part “technical chemistry”.

He also drew attention to the fundamental value of the law of conservation of substances in chemical reactions. He developed accurate weighing methods and voluminous methods of quantitative analysis. Conducting experiments on the firing of metals in sealed vessels, Lomonosov showed that their weight does not change after heating and that R.'s opinion Boyle about joining metals "thermal matter" is erroneous.

He studied the solubility of salts at various temperatures, established the facts of lowering the temperature when salts dissolve and decrease the freezing point of the solution compared to a clean solvent. Lomonosov personally performed a large number of rock tests. He proved the organic origin of soil, peat, stone coal, oil, amber.In his “Word about the birth of metals from the shaking of the Earth” and in the work “On the Layers of Earthly”, he consistently carried out the idea of ​​the natural evolution of nature.

Lomonosov created many chemical production in Russia - inorganic pigments, glazes, glass, porcelain. He invented a porcelain mass, developed the recipe and technology for the manufacture of colored glasses, which he used for his mosaic paintings. Lomonosov created a number of mosaic portraits, for example, a portrait of Peter I and the monumental mosaic “Poltava Bataly”, which were highly appreciated by the Russian Academy of Arts, which elected it in the city of the first of the Russian academicians Lomonosov began to prepare textbooks on chemistry and metallurgy: “Physical Chemistry”, “The first foundations of metallurgy, or ore affairs”.

He owns the merit of the creation of Moscow University, the project and curriculum of which are compiled by him personally. Lomonosov wrote a number of works on history, economics, philology. Along with scientific research, Lomonosov was engaged in literary work and published several OD and tragedies. Mikhail Lomonosov left the descendants fundamental discoveries, changing the idea of ​​entire branches of knowledge.

It should be noted that the Russian scientist had a versatile education, both natural science and humanitarian. The works of this level require a fundamental base of knowledge, they are not available to narrow specialists. The genius of Lomonosov ahead of his age. His scientific views are so modern, and their presentation is so fresh that when reading them, we forget that two and a half centuries separate us from the one who can be called the “father of physical chemistry”.

It is known that A. Pushkin was as follows to characterize the extraordinary diversity of Lomonosov’s works: “Lomonosov hugged all the industries. The thirst for science was the strongest passion of this soul performed by passions. Historian, rhetoric, mechanic, chemist, mineralogue, artist and poet, he experienced everything and penetrated everything. ” Lomonosov’s personal sympathies, apparently, were inclined to physics and chemistry; But his scientist’s genius was equally brilliant in his treatises such as “the word about the origin of the light”, “the word about the phenomena of the air, from the electrical power of what is happening”, “the experience of the theory about insensitive particles of bodies and generally about the causes of private qualities”; “Reflections on the causes of warmth and cold”, “On the layers of earthly” and in “Russian grammar” or in treatises of a purely journalistic nature, such as “reasoning about the duties of journalists in the presentation of works, intended to maintain freedom of philosophy”.

For all the importance of Lomonosov’s scientific works in the field of the Russian language, in general academic activity, they were for him to a certain extent by the side: his main specialty was natural science. Lomonosov developed two main questions of physics: about the essence of heat, and about the gaseous state of bodies. He was interested in thunderstorms, meteorology, tried to explore the upper layers of the atmosphere with the help of self -recording tools.

In the last years of his life, he is given to the study of gravity with the help of pendulums; writes a large leadership of a scientific navigation with numerous new devices; draws up a dissertation about the ice mountains; Equipping a marine expedition to study the northern seas. Finally, he makes a remarkable discovery even in astronomy: when passing the planet of Venus through a solar disk in the city of Lomonosov, he saw something that dozens of astronomers who observed this phenomenon, namely, that Venus’s planet was surrounded by a large atmosphere.

Historian, rhetoric, physicist, mechanic, chemist, mineralogue, artist and poet, Lomonosov became the author of wonderful discoveries, the creator of fundamental and original scientific works. It is impossible to overestimate the role of Lomonosov-poet in the development of Russian literature and the Russian language. Lomonosov saw that the Russian language was very clogged with both foreign words and outdated, dilapidated by Church Slavonic words and expressions.

He set his task to clear the Russian language, reveal its wealth, develop a literary language on a folk basis. Lomonosov went along the path of combination of the valuable that he found in Russian and Slavic languages. The ingenious scientist and beautiful expert on many languages, he managed to find Russian words to express scientific concepts and thereby laid the foundation of the Russian technical and scientific vocabulary.

Many of the scientific expressions left by him have firmly entered into use and are used to date. In addition to scientific activity, Lomonosov succeeded in the activities of administrative and pedagogical. Education at the University of Marburg allowed him to rise to the level of Western European education. His philosophical views also developed here, who experienced the impact of the ideas of R.

Descartes and especially G. Lomonosov, a supporter of the idea of ​​reconstructing social and personal life by means of a properly set school education, developing mind, thinking and contributing to the improvement of morals. He shared the position of deists who tried to reconcile science and religion. From g.Lomonosov conducted scientific and teaching work in Russia, at first as the adjunct of the Academy of Sciences, from G.

Lomonosov was obsessed with the idea of ​​creating a Russian university in spirit and maintenance and with it, a gymnasium in which everyone could study, regardless of classes. In the city of many Indian scientists, like myself, can be rightfully proud that they received their education at Moscow State University. All the scientific works of Lomonosov at the height of their theoretical content had a specific, purely practical application.

Lomonosov tried to turn his “science” primarily and most of all to the service of the living needs and needs of the “Russian Light” and the Russian people. The theoretical and practical developments of the ingenious scientist in all areas of knowledge were brought to their logical conclusion, performed so deeply, comprehensively and efficiently, that after two and a half centuries they look absolutely modern, showing an example of enduring relevance and the timeless nature of scientific knowledge.

It seems fundamental that Mikhailo Lomonosov worked and made scientific discoveries not in Europe, where he studied, but in Russia. This country not only spent the remedy for those times on its long -term education, but also made it possible to fully realize the brilliant scientist in his homeland. The life and scientific feat of the scientist is to reject numerous proposals to conduct research and teaching in the West, first of all, in Germany of that time and return to Russia in order to become not just one of many famous scientists in his native country, as, of course, it would be possible in Europe, but the only one of a kind, unique creator, organizer and founder of science in the broad sense of the word - that is, all sciences in his homeland.

It seems that this choice of a scientist, although it was not simple, still did not cause him any long doubts and thoughts. It seems to me how much you can imagine a whole and capacious image of a Lomonosov-scientist, for him there was never a doubt that you need to work and create in a native country and for a native country where it was born, it came in handy there. The peasant son, nurtured by the earth and the people, Lomonosov did not think of his life, fate and scientific creativity without the Motherland, and only to it directed his personal and scientific search for truth.

This moment of the life path of Lomonosov-scientist and Lomonosov-human Lomonosov today also, after a century, deserves close attention. For Russian and Indian scientists today, the question of choosing a country of residence and work is very relevant today. So, from Russia since January only to the countries of Europe, North America and Australia, a man left for permanent residence.

Moreover, more than half of them have left Russia in the last two to three years. A fifth of those leaving - youth aged 20 to 24, and every fourth emigrant turned 35 to 40 years old. The latter is more, only 57 people. As it turned out, Russia is mainly left by lawyers, businessmen, scientists, as well as qualified specialists in various fields. Especially in the technical.

At the same time, 13 citizens of Russia have already received positions of highly qualified specialists in large companies and work in the UK, Poland, Greece, France, Spain and other countries. Another person in the same countries conduct fundamental research. A person works in the field of technology. And, finally, qualification and abilities of a person allowed them to occupy positions at the level of top managers of foreign companies in Hungary, Switzerland, and UK.

The third of those who left at the time of departure already had a postgraduate qualification or improved her in the country where they moved.