Architect Lviv Biography

Both are because he was a large, unusual person, even if you want, mysterious, multifaceted, and each facet of his talent deserves a separate, worthy attention of the story. He was a man from the breed of Leonardo, Lomonosov - people who are not so often visiting the Earth, people who are interested in living in this world, for whom enthusiasm, passion for cognition are the highest passion in life.

He was one of those who looked at the nature of the observer not admiring the eyes of the observer, but transformed it, caring primarily about the benefits of the Fatherland. Such people were inevitably ahead of their time, or at least at its very front line. It is curious that the old encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron sees Lviv only as a writer and poet of the 18th century, ignoring or mentioning casually other aspects of his activity.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia writes about Lviv primarily as an outstanding architect. Other, special encyclopedias and reference books could focus on another - and it would also be fair. According to the most modest calculations, Lviv designed and with a very slight exception he built more than thirty buildings of various purposes. All buildings that have reached us are appreciated as wonderful architectural monuments of classicism.

He translated the Four Books on Architecture Palladio and published the first part, which Peter Eropkin did not have time to do half a century before him. Lviv wrote poetry, fables; His poem in the spirit of Russian epics "Dobrynya, the heroic song" saw the light after the death of the writer. He collaborated in the journal "Interlocutor of Lovers of the Russian Word".

Having felled by folklore, he collected folk songs and published "A collection of folk Russian songs with their voices" in the musical processing of the knocked down, withstanding several publications. He wrote a libretto of three comic operas; One of them, "coachmen on the set -in" composer E I. Fomin, was removed shortly after the production of the sharp criticism of the morals of that time.

Pursuing history, he announced the chronicle of the 16th century, now known as the "Lviv Chronicle". He was a magnificent drawing and drawingman - his architectural projects and drawings give the right to talk about this. He was an excellent engraver, often engraved his own drawings and was fond of then the new technique of this art - by man, tried to combine the etching, aquatin and an avalanche with a needle.

Lviv has improved the affordable way to build buildings from the ground, cheap and fire -resistant material, which was important for villages that ever suffered from fires and sat in treeless regions, and also opened the school in his estate, teaching more than eight hundred and more than eight hundred from different provinces of peasants to build such houses. He took up the search on the Valdai Upland of the stone - or, as they said then, earthen coal, wanting to reduce the chopping of precious forests and free the country from the imported, from England, fuel, and discovered the deposit in Borovichi, which began to master only in Soviet times.

For the same purpose, he explored peat deposits near Moscow. He published the work "On the benefits and use of Russian earthen coal" and in it for the first time pointed out the possibility of receiving coal from Borovichi coal. He learned to extract sulfur from this coal, which is also completely imported from abroad, and a special resin for ship tackle and coating of the bottoms of ships.

He invented the new building material - "Stone Cardboard". Cardboard could also be used on the skin of ships. For its production, he designed a special mechanism connecting to the steam machine. By the way, the Lviv car gave impetus for the mechanization of paper production, which was completely manual before that time. Lviv was engaged in the improvement of ventilation and heating equipment in dwellings and published a book in two parts of "Russian pyrostatika, or the use of experienced air stoves and fireplaces, he examined mineral springs in the Caucasus and designed water intakes that could compete with foreign ones.

Listing the work and achievements of N. Lviv, we are surprised how much he did a little for a little Fifty-two years of life, perhaps, that Lviv did not study anywhere, until eighteen, he was generally a provincial noble undergrowth, which, according to the biographer who knew him personally, "launched a few words in French, and almost could not write in Russian to the future bricks." Mogilev, when the architect was twenty -nine, became Lviv only ten years, so that, starting with Azov, his own efforts to reach the level of a highly cultural person, an erudite person, become an architect!

Is it really possible? For many, this remained a mystery. Until now, art historians do not believe that Lviv has not studied from any of the famous architects of that time.

But they cannot document their doubts. And this list will be filled with incredible speed until the last days of life.And he had only twenty -three years to live, his personality was present to the present began to form in St. Petersburg, where he arrived at an eighteen -year -old young man from a deaf province - under the Torzhok, his parents had a small estate, the village of Chelenchitsa; There, Lviv was born in the year, there he spent his childhood, having lost his father early quite early.

According to the then traditions of many noble families, he was recorded from infancy in the guard. The service board was determined by the Bombardier company of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment in St. Petersburg. In the capital, he settled on the lines of the Vasilievsky Island, near the Soimonov brothers, close to his relatives. It was a cultural family, known in St.

Petersburg with its patriotic mood. Father - Fedor Ivanovich Soimonov - the first Russian hydrograph, a cartographer, the compiler of the Caspian Sea card - in the last year of Anna Ioannovna was convicted of Volynsky for a speech against Biron and, together with the architect Peter Erkin, sentenced to quarter. True, he escaped death, was a bit with a whip in the square and exiled to Siberia.

One of his sons - Mikhail Fedorovich, president of the Berg -College of the Mountain Department - was the founder of the Mining Institute and its first director. The other - Yuri Fedorovich - was engaged in the construction and civil architecture. The Soimonov brothers, who, in a kind of patronage of the young provincial, possibly determined the circle of his interests: it is unlikely that Lviv will then be engaged in architecture, construction and mining.

He diligently served in the Izmailovsky regiment. At that time, a school opened here. Studying at school was delivered quite seriously - there they taught grammar, geography, French and German, mathematics, and fortification. The school introduced Lviv into the world of knowledge. As if worried in vain in the province for years, he greedily took everything that the school was able to give him, and, moreover, stubbornly studied himself.

Nevertheless, it was not fortification and not ballistics occupied it. The art was irresistibly attracted. Already in a regimental school around Lviv, a small circle of literature lovers formed. In it, young people read and discussed books, publications in magazines, translated Latin authors, tried to write poetry themselves and published the manuscript journal "Works of four reasonable commoners." Lviv made friends with Vasily Vasilievich Kapnist, the future poet and playwright, who later became his relative relative.

Once, having read in the journal "Oda for the capture of the Turkish fortress of Zhur, Lviv wanted to get acquainted with the author. This turned out to be not so difficult, because the author of the Oda and the future fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Khemnizer worked as a markesher at the Berg-College by M. Savorning, simple-minded and absent-minded young man, the son of a regimental doctor, who came to Petrovsky times from Saxony, Hemnizer came to Lviv.

They especially became friends during a long trip to Germany, Holland and France, where M. took them with both mobile, charming, according to his contemporary, “resistant to overcoming all kinds of difficulties,” Lviv found people close to him in the spirit and aspirations, quickly converged with them, and many remained faithful to him until his death. He is familiar with Fonvizin and Quarengi, the most famous artist Levitsky for him is his man.

Thanks to Levitsky, we perfectly imagine how not only Lviv himself looked like, but his wife Maria Alekseevna before the marriage of Dyakov, a portrait of Dyakova, a masterpiece of portrait painting of the 18th century, is stored in the Tretyakov Gallery. Lviv "opened" another wonderful artist of that time - Borovikovsky, who painted him the temple of Joseph in the city of Mogilev.

At the end of the x, Lviv acquainted with the Senate Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin, at that time, a novice poet. They met in the building of this highest government institution among broken bricks and plaster piled everywhere - the Senate was rebuilt and repaired. Derzhavin supervised the work, and Lviv came up with allegorical bas -reliefs that the sculptor Rashett was supposed to make to decorate the hall of general meetings.

The acquaintance of Lviv and Derzhavin, which very soon turned into friendship and even in a family relationship, significantly influenced the life of both. And after the death of Lviv and his wife, Derzhavin brought up five of their children. All these people were of different provisions and of different ages, almost all the older Lviv - Levitsky for sixteen years old, Derzhavin for eight - but this was not an obstacle in relations: they were united by a passionate love for the beautiful, for creativity in the Derzhavin’s bakery house, a circle was often gathered, in which, as Derzhavin himself wrote, “literature, poetry, painting, and sculpture settled at the end of his life.

And music ". A mobile, decisive capnist came here; The silent Hemniczer sat down secluded in the corner; Laughter was heard from the rooms - this is a hoodie, brilliant wit, Senate secretary A. Khvostov, more a fan of poetry than a poet. He entertained youth - artist A.Olenina, later the president of the Academy of Arts, composer N. Yakhontov and his sister, skillfully sculpting figures from wax.

Derzhavin in a free home frock coat received guests and not a single meeting was complete without Lviv. A tall handsome man with thin facial features, he was a favorite, and the soul of a circle, and his theoretician. He knew how to get along with everyone, joked, amused with fun stories. The impeccable natural taste and poetic flair, with amazing force, developed in Lviv, gave him the right to comments and advice.

His opinion was appreciated, listened to him. In the manuscripts of Derzhavin, many drops and amendments made by Lviv's hand have been preserved. First of all, Derzhavin showed his famous ode Felitsa. Hemniczer did not print a single fable without Lviv’s approval, he himself, perhaps, did not feel sufficient forces to develop his poetic talent, or perhaps treated publications with the fraction of frivolity, which is inherent in many talented and deprived of ambition to people: he printed poems under his name, others - anonymously or generally threw into the table box; Much later, the researchers found several belonging to Lviv in the collection of fables Hemnitsa.

The friendship of four people who left their memory in the history of Russian literature was extremely true, touching and generous. Derzhavin himself admitted in his notes that this home circle forced him to re -appreciate his work. And it was after meetings and disputes with Lvov, Kapnist, Hemnitser that another, real poet Derzhavin appeared, as we know him. Lviv constantly bustled at his patrons either for Derzhavin, then for Kapnist, then for Hemnitser.

Neither military service nor heart affairs prevented Lviv from studying. His sharp, tenacious mind allowed to grasp and assimilate knowledge many times sooner than others could. Lviv studied everywhere where he could: in the Derzhavinsky circle, and communicating with artists, but he scooped up the most knowledge from books - he read a lot, constantly, with a pencil in his hands, even on the road, which in those days was a considerable extent that was difficult to enrich foreign trips, especially the first, with Simonov and Hemnitser.

Then young people had no duties.