Names Biography Olga

Princess Olga - Biography, News, Personal Life Age of Death: 49 years old Princess Olga, Elena in Baptism. Born approx. The princess, who ruled the ancient Russian state from up to a year after the death of her husband, Kyiv Prince Igor Rurikovich. The first of the rulers of Rus' adopted Christianity before the baptism of Rus'. Holy Equal -to -the -Apostles of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Princess Olga was born approx. The annals do not report the year of the birth of Olga, but the late steppe book reports that she died at the age of about 80, which classifies the date of her birth by the end of the 9th century. The approximate date of her birth is reported by the late “Arkhangelogorodsky Chronicle”, who reports that Olga was 10 years old at the time of marriage. Based on this, many scientists M.

Karamzin, L. Morozov, L. Voitovich calculated the date of her birth - year. The layer of the princess claims her age at the time of death - 75 years. Thus, Olga was born in the year. True, this date is questioned by the date of birth of the eldest son of Olga, Svyatoslav near -, since Olga at the time of the birth of his son should have been years, which seems incredible.

It depends on the fact that Svyatoslav Igorevich was the eldest son of Olga, Boris Rybakov, taking the year as an extreme late birth point of Olga for the date of birth of the prince. Andrei Bogdanov, in his book “Princess Olga, also adhered to a similar opinion in a similar opinion. Holy Warrior. " Alexey Karpov, in his monograph, Princess Olga makes Olga older, claiming that the princess was born for about a year.

The date, or rather, the date is about than the year, since Olga herself in the annals for - the years seems young and energetic, and the eldest son gives rise to about a year. According to the earliest Old Russian annals “The Tale of Bygone Years”, Olga was from Pskov Dr. Pleskov, Plskov. The life of the Holy Grand Duchess Olga clarifies that she was born in the village of Razbut of the Pskov land, 12 km from Pskov above the Great River.

Olga’s names were not preserved, they were of a slight kind according to life. According to scientists, Varangian origin is confirmed by its name, which has compliance in Old Noskandinavian as Helga. The presence of allegedly Scandinavians in those places was noted by a number of archaeological finds, possibly dated the first half of the X century. It is also known the ancient Olha name.

Oleg married Igor and Olga. The so -called Johamovsky chronicle, the reliability of which is questioned by historians, reports Olga's noble Slavic origin: “When Igor matured, Oleg condemned him, giving him his wife from Izborsk, the Gostomyslov clan, who was called, and Oleg renamed her and called Olga in his name. Then Igor had other wives, but Olga honored her more than others because of wisdom.

” If you believe this source, it turns out that the princess was renamed from the end to Olga, taking a new name in honor of Prince Oleg Olga - the female version of this name.

And translating the annalistic name of Pleskov not like Pskov, but as Plisk - the Bulgarian capital of that time. The names of both cities really coincide in the ancient Slavic transcription of some texts, which served as the basis for the author of the “New Vladimir Chronicle” to translate the message “Tale of Bygone Years” about Olga from Pskov as Olga from the Bulgarians, since the writing of splashings to designate Pskov has long since been used.

Marriage with Igor on the “Tale of Bygone Years”, prophetic Oleg, married Igor Rurikovich, who began to edit on his own from the year, on Olga in the year, that is, when she was already 12 years old. This date is questioned, since, according to the Ipatievsky list of the same "story", their son Svyatoslav was born only in the year. It is possible that in order to resolve this contradiction, the late Ustyuzh annals and the Novgorod chronicle on the list of P.

Dubrovsky report the ten years of the age of Olga at the time of the wedding. This message contradicts the legend set forth in the steppe book The second half of the 16th century, about a random meeting with Igor at the crossing near Pskov. The prince hunted in those places. Coming across the river on a boat, he noticed that the carrier was a young girl dressed in men's clothes.

Let me be young and negligent, and one here, but know: it is better for me to rush into the river than to endure the scal up. ” Igor remembered an accidental acquaintance when it was time to look for a bride, and sent Oleg for a girlfriend, not wanting any other wife. The Novgorod first chronicle of the younger eagle, which contains the most unchanged information from the initial code of the XI century, leaves a message about the marriage of Igor in Olga not dated, that is, the earliest ancient Russian chroniclers did not have information about the date of the wedding.

It is likely that a year in the text of the PVL arose at a later time, when the monk Nestor tried to bring the initial ancient Russian history into a chronological order. After the wedding, the name of Olga is mentioned once again only after 40 years, in the Russian-Byzantine agreement of the year. According to the annals, in the year Prince Igor dies at the hands of the Drevlyans after repeatedly charging tribute from them.The heir to the throne Svyatoslav was then only three years old, so Olga became the actual ruler of Rus' in the year.

Igor's squad obeyed her, recognizing Olga as a representative of the legal heir to the throne. The decisive way of the princess’s action against Drevlyan could also persuade the combatants in her favor. After the murder of Igor, the Drevlyans were sent to his widow Olga Svatov to call her for his prince Mala. The princess consistently dealt with the elders of the Drevlyans, and then their people led to humility.

The Old Russian chronicler sets out in detail Olga’s revenge for the death of her husband: the first revenge: matchmakers, 20 Drevlyans, arrived in the rook, which the Kyivians were taken into a deep hole in the courtyard of Terem Olga. Swatches-scoops were buried alive with the boat. And ordered them to fall asleep alive; And they fell asleep them, ”says the chronicler. Second revenge: Olga asked to respect her new ambassadors from her best husbands, which was hunted by the Drevlyans.

The embassy from the noble Drevlyans was burned in the bathhouse, while they washed, preparing for a meeting with the princesses. The third revenge: the princess with a small squad arrived in the lands of Drevlyan in order to cope with the Trinch on the grave of her husband. Having stood during the Trizen Drevlyans, Olga ordered them to chop them. The chronicle reports about five thousand broken Drevlyans.

The fourth revenge: In the year, Olga went out with the army on a campaign on Drevlyan. According to the Novgorod first annals, the Kyiv squad defeated Drevlyans in battle. Olga walked along the Drevlyansk land, set tribute and taxes, after which she returned to Kyiv. In the story of the temporary years of PVL, the chronicler made a note into the text of the initial arch about the siege of the Drevlyansky capital of the Iskiysteny.

According to PVL, after an unsuccessful siege during the summer, Olga burned the city with the help of birds, at the feet of which she ordered to tie a lighted dad with sulfur. Some of the defenders of the Iskiyan were interrupted, the rest submitted. A similar legend of burning the city with the help of birds is also set forth by a Saxon grammar of the XII century in his compilation of oral Danish legends about the exploits of the Vikings and Schorri Sturluson.

After the reprisal with the Drevlyans, Olga began to rule Russia to the majority of Svyatoslav, but even after that she remained the actual ruler, since her son spent most of his time in military campaigns and did not pay attention to the government. Olga’s reign conquered the Drevlyans, Olga went to Novgorod and Pskov lands in the year, appointing tribute lessons there, after which she returned to her son Svyatoslav in Kyiv.

Olga installed a system of “graveyards” - centers of trade and exchange, in which taxes were collected more in order; Then they began to build temples along the graveyards. In particular, Shakhmatov pointed out the confusion of the Drevlyanskaya land with Pyatina, M. Grushevsky, D. The attempts of the Novgorod chroniclers to attract unusual events to Novgorod land and V. critically evaluate the annals of Olga’s sledges, as if stored in Pleskovo Pskov after the trip of Olga to Novgorod land.

Princess Olga laid the foundation for the stone urban planning in Rus' the first stone buildings of Kyiv - the city palace and the suburban Terem Olga, took the attention of the landscaping of lands - Novgorod, Pskov, located along the Desna River, etc. In Olga, established the size of “pole” - supplies in favor of Kyiv, the periods and frequency of their payment - the period of their payment - the frequency of their payment - the periodicity of their payment - "Rights" and "Charters".

The lands subject to Kyiv were divided into administrative units, in each of which the princely administrator was delivered - Tyun. Konstantin Bagryanorodny in the essay “On the Management of the Empire”, written in the year, mentions that “the monoxyls coming from the external Russia to Constantinople are one of the non -hearth -garde in which the Spendoslav, the son of Ingor, and the archon of Russia.” From this short message it follows that by the year Igor held power in Kyiv, or, which looks unlikely, Olga left her son to represent power in the northern part of her power.

It is also possible that Konstantin had information from unreliable or outdated sources. Upon returning to Kyiv, Olga, who adopted the name of Elena in baptism, tried to introduce Svyatoslav to Christianity, but “he did not think to listen to this. But if anyone was going to be baptized, he did not forbid, but only mocked at that. " Moreover, Svyatoslav was angry with his mother for her persuasion, fearing to lose the respect of the squad.

In the year, Olga and the Great Embassy paid an official visit to Constantinople, known for the description of the court ceremonies by Emperor Konstantin Bagryanorodny in the essay “On Ceremards”. The emperor calls Olga the ruler of the Archontissa of Rus', the name of Svyatoslav in the transfer of the retinue indicates the "people of Svyatoslav" mentioned without the title. Apparently, the visit to Byzantium did not bring the desired results, since PVV reports on Olga’s cold attitude to the Byzantine ambassadors in Kyiv shortly after the visit.

On the other hand, the successor of Theophanes, in the story of the conquest of Crete from the Arabs under the emperor Roman II, mentioned as part of the Byzantine Rus army. It is not known exactly when exactly Svyatoslav began to rule on his own.PVV reports his first military campaign in the Western European chronicle of the successor Regino under the year: “They came to King Otto I Great, as it turned out to be a deceitful way, the ambassadors of Elena, the queen of the Rugs, who, under the Constantinople Emperor, was baptized in Constantinople, and asked to devote to the bishop and priests for this.” Thus, in Olga, in baptism - Elena, was officially seen as a ruler of Rus'.

The remains of the rotunda of the X century are considered the material evidence of the stay of the Adalbert mission in Kyiv. The convinced pagan Svyatoslav Igorevich turned 18 years old in, and the mission sent to Otto I to Kyiv failed, as the successor of Regino reports: “A year. In this year, Adalbert returned back to the bishops of the rugs, for he did not have time to do what was sent for, and saw his efforts in vain; On the way back, some of his companions were killed, but he himself barely escaped with great difficulty.

” The date of the beginning of Svyatoslav’s independent reign is quite arbitrary, the Russian annals consider him a successor on the throne immediately after the murder of his father Igor. Svyatoslav was all the time in military campaigns on the neighbors of Rus', conjunction of the state government. When in the year the Pechenegs first raid on Russian lands, Olga with the children of Svyatoslav locked herself in Kyiv.

Svyatoslav, who returned from a campaign in Bulgaria, took off his siege, but did not want to stay in Kyiv for a long time. When the next year he was going to go back to Pereyaslvets, Olga kept him: “You see - I'm sick; Where do you want to leave me? And she said: "When you bury me, - go wherever you want."