Biography of engineering troops

By the anniversary of the birth of Marshal M. M. Military biography of the future marshal of the engineering troops, it began two years after he graduated from the real school in Vladikavkaz and entered the Petrograd Mining Institute. In m, that is, during the First World War, drafted into the army, a twenty -year -old student is sent to the school of warrant officers in the year in the year he comes closer to the soldiers' masses and becomes the chairman of the regimental committee.

In March, GO voluntarily joins the Red Army and, as part of the 1st Vladikavkaz detachment, takes part in the battles in the North Caucasus. In the same year, the commander of the mentioned detachment Mikhail Vorobyov was sent to diplomatic work - the secretary of the Soviet representative office in Denmark. Then again battles and battles on various fronts of the Civil War - the South, Western, Caucasian.

Since April, he commands a separate road bridge of the Rifle Division, is an engineer of the 3rd brigade I am the Kuban Rifle Division, then again the company commander, later-the battalion, the head of the communications of the rifle corps. The commander’s growth also requires relevant knowledge, therefore, Vorobyov entered the year at the Fortification and Construction Department of the F.

Dzerzhinsky Military Technical Academy, after which it was the time of the increased interest in the theory of engineering troops and the urgent need for the creative solution of problems associated with the further development of military engineering art and caused by changing views on the nature of the future war. That is why by the beginning of the 19th years of the XX century the term “engineering support” acquired official status1.

After the adjunct, having received the title of associate professor, Vorobyov was engaged in teaching, being from G. his works in the service of barriers brought him wide fame along with such a luminet of engineering, as D. Vorobyov headed the military engineering inspectorate, which was part of the Belarusian State Technical University. In this post, he was found by the Great Patriotic War.

A year later, he became the head of the engineering department, and then the head of the engineering forces of the Western Front. The reorganization of the engineering forces of the Red Army, carried out during the war years, had a great influence on the military biography of M. Vorobyov. The other well-known military leader and specialist of military engineering V.

The command of the Office, who knew him well, more than once reported to General M. Yes, and he, as an experienced commander, knew this well. He also understood the need to create strong engineering parts, since individual sapper battalions are too weak for the implementation of increased tasks for the engineering support of troops. During one of the reports of I. Stalin, General Vorobyov outlined his thoughts on the advisability of forming engineering brigades from several battalions.

At the end of November, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was signed on the formation of the first special engineering and sappers of special purposes intended for the device and overcoming various, primarily mine-explosive, barriers ”4. With the beginning of the battle of Moscow in difficult, and sometimes extremely critical conditions of the defensive battle, the engineering forces of the Western Front in a short time carried out engineering measures in the most likely directions of the enemy.

Guiding them with actions, combining the positions of the head of the engineering department of the front and the commander of the 1st sapper army, M. Vorobyov made a significant contribution to strengthening the defense of the capital. He expressed many kind words addressed to him, recalling that difficult period, Lieutenant General of Engineering Troops I. However, they knew each other before they met at the defensive lines near Moscow.

Outwardly - nothing special, medium height, stooped, a cheeky face with red eyebrows. Then he was an adjunct, and then the teacher and head of the Fortification Faculty. He dealt with the tactical application of engineering barriers. He soon published a good book on this topic5. In service, Mikhail Petrovich and I met repeatedly. At one time he was my boss. So it was not necessary to introduce themselves to each other.

We immediately went to business. ” The long -standing colleagues discussed the plan of the separate engineering group OIG, which was headed by Galitsky. At the same time, Vorobyov recommended the main efforts to destroy roads and mining the zone between the Leningrad highway and the Moscow channel. Of particular important, in his opinion, there was a setting in front of the fence channel, which allowed the enemy infantry to stop, sought to penetrate the right bank on ice.

Mikhail Petrovich also informed the chief of OIG that he instructed the POPION of the Army to Colonel Savelov about the preparation of artificial flood in the canal zone. The Moscow - Volga channel on the Dmitrov section, Yakhroma goes parallel to the Yakhrome river, a little south of the city of Yakhroma, it crosses it. Watering in yahrom is possible from the channel. If the Nazis are approaching the channel, the sappers will go to this water.She will flood the space in front of its western shore and forms a serious water obstacle.

Sudden artificial floods can confuse the enemy and upset his offensive plans. Vorobyov warned me to mean this circumstance in the arrangement of barriers ”6. The plan proposed by M. Vorobyov was successfully implemented: the Path to the Nazis to the east was reliably blocked by the “flood” and the Moscow-Volga channel, which also reliably defended the troops of the three armies of the 1st shock, th and th.

A few days later, the front edge through the Moscow -Volga channel was covered by anti -tank minefields. Anti -tank mines were set on ice. It was the spectacular and effective work of the sappers under the leadership of M. about this is evidenced by the lines of the official report sent by the command of the Western Front to the State Committee for Defense of the GKO on October 8.

In it, the losses from the enemy were explained primarily by the fact that “in the last battles, interaction with sapper units on the battlefield has significantly improved,” that “divisions of fighter sappers with anti-tank mines were advanced to the direction of the tanks and quickly set mines, sometimes in the immediate vicinity of enemy tanks.” The following was reported about the results of the actions of the sappers in the document: “In the battle near the village of Akulovo by the barrier artillery fire, the tanks were driven into minefields, where they suffered heavy losses.

Measures have been taken to disseminate this experience of interaction in all armies of the front ”7. The head of the engineering troops of the Western Front, General M., praised their actions. Vorobyov in his order of December 5, on the day the historical counterattack of our troops near Moscow. Vorobyov himself for successes in the leadership of the troops during the battle of Moscow was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in January, and in April of the same year he became the head of the engineering forces of the Red Army.

In this position, he stayed until the end of the war, paying great attention to the selection, preparation and arrangement of military engineering personnel. Under his direct leadership, on the basis of the war experience gained by the summer of the year and subsequently, an organizational restructuring of the structure of engineering troops was carried out, their technical equipment was improved and a slender system of management was created with the creative use of innovative and most effective methods for engineering support for offensive and defensive operations.

So, for example, in the critical period of the Battle of Stalingrad, July - February, this happened during the counterattack near Kursk on July 12 - August 23, thanks to the innovative approach of M. Vorobyov, the templates, which were established in the theory and practice of military art, were collapsed, and the initiative and ingenuity of our military engineers were nakedly staged in a dead end, accustomed to the standards, accustomed to the standards, accustomed to the standards.

to the established methods of Nazi strategists. The former front -line sapper and military correspondent Colonel N. In the same place, we have developed a coordinate method of setting minefields, unlike the “chess” template - a lot of German tanks were blown up by counterattacks, since it is more difficult to mine such fields than ordinary times. They say that later this technique was transferred to the Western allies at their request ”9.

Preparing for the decisive events of the summer of the year, the headquarters of the Supreme High Command ordered to form assault engineering and survey brigades intended for the engineering support of the breakthrough of powerful enemy lanes by May 30. The first fifteen of these formations were created by reorganizing engineering-saperial brigades into the assault marshal of engineering troops V.

Kharchenko on this occasion recalled: “In May, new units of engineering troops were created-assault engineering brigades of the Supreme High Command Reserve. They were intended to break through the heavily fortified defensive lanes and battles in fortified cities and large settlements. The assault engineering-sapper brigades, acting in the most important directions, had to make passages in wire and minefields, blow up the enemy fire structures that survived after artillery and aviation training.

In the organization of the assault engineering units, General M., the head of the engineering forces of the Red Army, played a large role, under the leadership of the military leader-innovator, advanced methods and techniques for using engineering equipment in battle, engineering troops learned to better interact with the infantry, artillery and tanks in various, rapidly changing front-line setting.

He listened to the opinions of his subordinates and Mikhail Petrovich. So, he timely supported the withdrawal of the chiefs of the engineering troops of the fronts on the need to create a mobile detachment of barriers to the poses or engineering reserve capable of wide maneuver in the performance of the relevant works, and gave an immediate order about the joint actions of the latter with artillery-fisted reserves.

At the same time, a deep connoisseur of his business M. Vorobyev skillfully coordinated the actions of the engineering forces of a number of fronts of Leningradsky, Volkhovsky. It should be noted the perseverance of the chief military engineer when introducing their undertakings into the practice of troops, since they did not always and not everyone found understanding.

Thus, his idea of ​​organizing and the procedure for using engineering and heating sapper brigades, judging by memoirs, belonged to some military leaders to the category of excessive "slogan". The appointment of these formers of these formers of the Sapers officers, as a rule, who knew the tactics of the combined arms battle, was especially weaker than the Peni officers, were especially encountered.

Some “combined arms” were primarily embarrassed by the fact that engineering troops from the support turned into troops leading active military operations. It came to the point that the use of technical specialists, for example miners, was recognized as fighters of assault detachments, although this happened in exceptional cases, “criminal from the point of view of state interests”, however, life confirmed the correctness of General Vorobyov’s position and rejected far -fetched accusations against him.

The senior management appreciated the merits of the chief military engineer, assigning him the rank of engineering troops on February 21 in the Red Army on February 21. Vorobyov also established himself as a large fortifier. On the instructions of the VGK rate, he carried out determining the directions of defensive borders and their development, led the design and construction of responsible objects.

He, like other famous specialists in this field, was well known to the military builders, meeting him, in all places where the wise council, a timely critical look, a firm decision was required, he was awarded two orders of Lenin, three orders of the Red Banner, the orders of Suvorov and the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the labor Red Banner of labor. In the city, sappers were opened by military memoirs.

Stalingrad Front. Memories and understanding. Vorobyov was born on December 17, Hasavyurt, Dagestan, died on June 12