Queen Anna Ioannovna Biography

The biography of Anna Ioannovna is the early years. After the death of her father, she lived in the village of Izmailovo with her mother and sisters, where she was educated at home.

In the year, the whole family moved to Petersburg, two years later Anna Ioannovna married the Courland Duke Friedrich Wilhelm, who was the nephew of the Prussian king. But very soon the duke died, and Anna, by order of Peter I, remained to live in Mitava under the supervision of a representative of Russia P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, who led the duchy and for a long time was Anna's lover.

In the year, Anna Ioannovna decided to marry Moritz Saxon, but the marriage did not take place due to the influence of Menshikov, who had views on the Courland Duchy. After the death of Peter II, the Supreme Privy Council invited Anna Ioannovna to the kingdom, who arranged a council that she lived in Courland and had no favorites in Russia. Council members considered it easily controlled and wanted to limit autocratic power with its help.

They invited her to sign the so -called “condition”, according to which the main power was concentrated in the hands of the Supreme Council, and the monarch had only the functions of a representative of the state. According to them, Anna, without the knowledge of the Supreme Council, could neither declare war, nor conclude the world, to introduce taxes and taxes, nor spend the treasury money at her discretion, nor marry, nor determine the heir.

Anna Ioannovna’s biography is mature years. In February, in the biography of Anna Ioannovna, the moment came when she arrived in Moscow as an empress. The struggle of the two parties began: the members of the Supreme Privy Council wanted Anna to confirm their new rights, and the supporters of the autocracy demanded to revise the “condition”. After some hesitation, the queen signed a petition, and after a few hours representatives of the nobility submitted one more, where they expressed a request to destroy the “condition” and proclaim a complete autocracy.

Anna asked the opinion of members of the Council, and they had no choice but to do how to agree. The empress itself was not particularly interested in state affairs, so Biron was responsible for everything. After coming to power, Anna dismissed the Supreme Council, in his place a year later came the Cabinet of Ministers, which included A. Cherkassky, G.

Golovkin, A. At first, the empress tried to show interest in business, but soon she was almost not interested in business and was not present at the office meetings. During her reign, the decree on unanimity was canceled, the service of the nobles was limited to 25 years, the gentry cadet corps was established. During the reign of the Empress, military reform was held under the leadership of B.

Minikh, two guards regiments were formed: Izmailovsky and equestrian. From the year, Russia took part in the Turkish war, which ended in the conclusion of the Belgrade world, unprofitable for Russia. In addition, during the stay of Anna Ioannovna on the throne, Russia defeated the Crimean Khanate, and assisted the establishment of Stanislav Augustus, the Saxon Elector on the throne of Poland.

Under Anna Ioannovna, the office of secret search affairs was established, which almost immediately gained powerful power. The empress was afraid of conspiracies, feared that someone threatens her rule, so the office was very popular. Upon the rule of Anna Ioannovna, in order to get into the downshole or just disappear without a trace, there was a fairly ambiguous expression or gesture.

With her, more than 20 thousand people were exiled to Siberia, and five thousand of them were not even recorded anywhere, they were not reported to the secret office. About a thousand people were executed during her reign, some of them were secretly executed. During the reign of the empress, society excited reprisals with noble nobles: Minister Volynsky, princes Dolgoruky and so on, someone put on a stake, someone was chopped off.

The abuse of power during the reign of Anna Ioannovna was associated with the dominance of the Germans and called Bironovschina. The biography of the great empress characterizes it as a kind of lady-prelivete who was in the know of all gossip, constantly hired jesters and cheerfuls, was superstitious, loved to dress brightly, had fun, shooting at birds.

In the year, Empress Anna Ioannovna made a statement that the heir to her throne will be a descendant of Elizabeth-Ekaterina-Khristina, her niece. She was the daughter of Anna's sister and was married to the Duke of Karl-Logopold, but a few years later she left her husband to Russia. Anna Ioannovna all the time followed the niece, who, after baptism, received the name Anna Leopoldovna.

In the year, the empress’s niece married Anton-Ulrich, the Braunschweig Duke, and a year later they had a son John Antonovich. In early October, during lunch with Biron Anna Ioannovna it became ill, she lost consciousness. At this time, Anna called her receiver John Antonovich, who at that time was two months old. It was decided that before adulthood, the regent John Antonovich would be Biron.In mid -October, Anna Ioannovna became worse, she called Biron and Osterman and signed papers about the heir to the throne of John Antonovich and that Biron would be his regent.

In the biography of Anna Ioannovna it is said that she was buried in St. Petersburg in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. See all portraits here.