Architects Biography Russians

But, first of all, architects are people with a subtle mental organization, with their experiences and dramas, which cannot be separated from their work. I want to talk about the most famous architects who created at the junction of centuries, and about what vicissitudes of fate fell to their lot. Leonty Benoit Leonty Nikolaevich Benois is one of the main St.

Petersburg architects of the eclecticism and nascent modernity. According to his projects, the Benois Corps of the Russian Museum, the Capella on the Moika, its own apartment building on Vasilievsky Island and many other buildings were built. Benois did not have a chance not to become an architect: he was born in a creative family; His father, Nikolai Benois, was also an architect, and his mother, Camila Albertovna, was the daughter of architect Albert Kavos.

That is, young Benois since childhood was surrounded by architecture. His brothers, Alexander and Albert, were artists. The first - created for the Diaghilev "world of art", the second - wrote watercolors. The heritage of the Benois family has survived to this day. The descendants of Leonty Nikolayevich still live in Russia, and in St. Petersburg, in the income house, which was designed by the architect and in which his family lived, the apartment of Leonty Nikolayevich still belongs to his heirs.

Moreover, in several rooms of the apartment, which used to occupy the entire floor, the original situation has been preserved. And the apartment has a small “concert hall” with excellent acoustics - they say that it is no worse than in the St. Petersburg Chapel, which was built by Leonty Nikolaevich. This place functions as a museum and is available for visiting.

According to his projects, the Building of the Mertens Trading House and the Parisiana cinema on Nevsky Prospekt, the apartment building of the Soloveychik on Pestel Street, the Permitilova mansion and the Bykhovsky’s apartment building on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt. In Moscow, the architect erected the partnership building of the Russian-American rubber manufactory "Triangle".

In Warsaw, according to the projects of the architect, the buildings of the State Geological Institute, the State Agricultural Bank, the Warsaw Directorate of Railways, large cooperative residential buildings were erected. Lyalevich is considered one of the brightest representatives of Palladianism in Russia. But not only references to the architecture of Palladio combine all its buildings.

You can almost accurately determine that the house was erected according to the Lyalevich project if you see three arches on its facade: it is this element that is on all its main creations. In addition to architectural practice, Lyulevich, like his teacher, Benoit, taught: but in a few “non -classical” institutions - the Women's Polytechnic Institute - the first technical educational institution for women in Russia.

Lyalevich transferred all the difficulties of the 20th century: both the revolution and the war. The worst test in his life began in the year when Germany invaded Poland and occupied it for five years. Unfortunately, the architect died in September during the Warsaw Uprising, the victims of which were more than a hundred thousand Poles. Lev Kekushev is one of the main “singers” of the Moscow Art Nouveau, who was at the zenith of glory at the beginning of the twentieth century, unfortunately, was forgotten by the end of his life.

Modern Kekushev is closest to the early Franco-Belgian Art Nouveau Victor Ort. Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev - a graduate of the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers, and his diploma project was on the theme of "Skotoboynya in St. Petersburg." Nevertheless, he spent most of his life not in the northern capital, but in Moscow, and the largest number of its buildings are residential buildings: both profitable and mansions.

The main buildings of the architect: Ostozhenka’s own mansion, sheet mansion, Bykov’s house, Korobkova mansion, Nosov mansion and others. Kekushev’s mansion of Kekushev’s sheet mansion, like many architects, had its own way to leave a “signature” on each designed house: place the image of a lion on it. On the house of Bykov Lion, this is masquerones above the windows, on Ostozhenka a huge sculpture of a lion is placed above the building, completing the silhouette of the building, and on the facade of the leaf mansion, the lion lurked on the mosaic panel from the courtyard.

Another feature of Kekushev’s houses is increased attention to window frames: in each of his projects, the drawing of bindings is unique and is particularly smooth in lines. One of the Lviv Kekushev Mosaic with a lion on the sheet mansion remained unknown, as and when the architect died. According to one version, by the end of his life he suffered from a mental illness, and therefore in recent years they did not write or mentioned about him almost anywhere.

Karl Schmidt Karl Karlovich Schmidt is a Petersburg architect of German origin, who has become one of the pioneers of a brick style, but he is known to many not only as an architect, but also as one of the first philatelists of brands. Among his buildings are his own apartment building on Kherson Street in St. Petersburg, the Forostovsky mansion is one of the first samples of modern in St.

Petersburg, Tisa’s mansion, Faberge House on Bolshaya Morskaya, Women's Gymnasium Shaffes on Vasilievsky Island.Since this institution was one of the main in the training of architects in pre -revolutionary Russia, students were given the opportunity to intervene with the most venerable architects of that era.

So, Schmidt managed to get into practice to the architect Pomerantsev, thanks to which he participated in the construction of the GUM building in Moscow. Schmidt’s main stylistic technique is the use of all types of bricks on the facade, its “exposure”: he never tried to hide the material behind layers of plaster, being an adherent of a “brick style”. From the book of memoirs of the architect, we can conclude that, most likely, the “brick style” sunk into his soul during a trip to Europe.

It is worth noting that before Schmidt the brick was associated exclusively with industrial architecture, so the lack of plaster on the facade was associated mainly with the lack of customer funds. Nevertheless, the architect managed to destroy this stereotype. The building, which opened all the doors to the young architect, was Faberge's house on one of the main streets of pre -revolutionary St.

Petersburg - Bolshaya Morskaya. Such a prestigious order went to the novice architect thanks to his distant kinship with Faberge's family, but this does not diminish his architectural giftedness, because the construction came out truly impressive, as the house intended for the main “office” of the largest metropolitan jeweler. After the revolution, Schmidt, like many, left Russia, and, unfortunately, could not continue his architectural activity in Europe as successfully as it was in St.

Petersburg. However, the real salvation for him and his family has become a longtime hobby of Schmidt - collecting brands. On the most difficult days, he gradually sold the most valuable specimens of the collection, and later even released two scientific labor on this topic. He later transferred the entire collection to the Communications Museum in Berlin, where it is stored these days.

His father was a brown. However, he managed to “get out into people”, end the Academy of Arts and begin architectural practice. An extremely important role in his fate was played by acquaintance with the state secretary Polovtsov-a very influential person in St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century. It was he who introduced the architect to many future customers.

Among the buildings of Mesmacher: the palace of Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich, Polovtsov’s mansion, the palace of Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, the building of the State Council on the Millionna, the building of the Central School of Baron Stieglits in St. Petersburg, as well as the Massandra Palace in Crimea and others. The Palace of Mikhail Mikhailovich Palace Alexei Alexandrovich on this list becomes clear that Mesmacher had many orders from the august family - he received recognition during his lifetime.

Perhaps his main building was still the school of Baron Stieglits, because Mesmacher acted not only as an architect of the building, but also became its first director. Due to the conflict with the leadership of the school, he later resigned and left Russia. It was long before the revolution - in the year. Baron Stieglits Academy Drawing of the stairs of the youth hall of the Shtiglitsa school, made by Mesmacher, despite the fact that Mesmacher left for Dresden and finished his days in Germany, some descendants of the architect connected their fate with Russia.

For example, his great -grandson, Mikhail Condiane, also became an architect. One of his main buildings is the new scene of the Alexandrinsky Theater. In addition to the architects of the late 19th - early 20th centuries I have listed, you can and should tell about many, but this simply cannot be done in one article. The people of those times who lived “at the junction of the eras” were innovators, each of them brought something to the history of domestic architecture and deserves a separate story.

In this connection, I would like to find out as many people as possible about them. For those who are interested in this topic, I recommend the following monographs about the above architects: Lisovsky V. Leonty Benois and the St. Petersburg School of Architectors. Kol, Chapel A. Architect Marian Lyalevich. Propilei, M. Moscow architect Lev Kekushev. Kol, E. Fogt, B. Aohitector Karl Schmidt.

Kol, T. Maximilian Mesmacher. Lenizdat, Author: Victoria Konyshkova.