Biography of Lafayet Gilbert

He was born on September 6 in the ancient clan castle of Shavanyak in Overni. He received primary education under the leadership of a very educated person - Abbot Fayon, and at the age of eleven, Gilber Lafayette was sent to Paris, where he began to study in Plessi - one of the most prestigious aristocratic colleges and was recorded in black musketeers. The military career attracted Lafayet, and at the age of fourteen he enters the military academy in Versailles.

But secular entertainment was soon bored, and in the year Lafayet was in the garrison service in the rank of captain. Having learned about the events in the North American colonies of England, Lafayet decides to follow the American continent in order to take part in the fight. In the memoirs, he writes: “At the first news of this war, my heart was recruited. As soon as the word “America” was uttered with me, I fell in love with it: as soon as I found out that she was fighting for her freedom, how I was seized by a desire to shed my blood for her, asking for a vacation and returning to Paris, he begins to prepare for his departure to America.

Lafayette purchases a ship and a large batch of weapons on someone else's name. During the war for the independence of the American colonies, Lafayette became an ardent adherent of the ideas of freedom. In the New World, he soon received the title of general and served directly under the command of George Washington. Despite a few failures, Lafayette, by general recognition, showed a serious talent for the military leader and played an important role in the victory of the army of independence.

Already in the first battles, he showed courage and courage. He especially distinguished himself in the battle of Brandiva on September 11, where he was wounded. He arrived in Paris in February and was met by the French as a hero. True, the Marquis still left for an 8-day period in prison for unauthorized weeding abroad, but, nevertheless, was adopted by Louis XVI, who by that time openly supported the United States.

Lafayette managed to convince the French government to recognize the North American states by an independent state. In France, Lafayette did not remain long. The war for independence entered its final period, and the military talent and experience of Lafayet was in demand by Washington. Returning to America, he again enters into battle. The most striking manifestation of his commander’s abilities was his participation in the capture of Yorrtaun in the year, where the unique strategy he used played a decisive role in victory over the British troops.

This victory was the reason why King Georg was forced to start negotiations on the world. In the year, the Paris Peace Treaty was signed between Great Britain and America. The next year, Lafayette arrives in America for the third time, where he is satisfied with the triumph. The hero of the war for independence Lafayet returned to France, which began to shake numerous internal crises.

Lafayette did not remain in the direction of political life. In the year, he criticized the policy of the next Minister of Finance of Kalonna, and at the opening of the General States, he was elected a representative from the noble estate. Lafayette was among those few nobles who opposed the separation of classes for holding joint meetings. He invited the meeting the first project of the “Declaration of Human Rights and Citizen”, drawn up by him on the model of the American declaration of the year.

With the beginning of the revolution, the Marquis Lafayette with its fiery eloquence, in the halo of the glory of the fighter for the freedom of America, became one of its main participants. He was elected the head of the Paris National Guard, becoming one of the most influential people in France, but did not maintain this influence for long. He perceived the revolution ambiguously: understanding the perniciousness of the existing system of power in France under Louis XVI, he still remained a devoted king.

He did not abandon the noble traditions, dreamed of combining the monarchy and order with freedom and triumph of democracy. In the midst of the struggle between the monarchy and the Jacobins, Lafayette tried to reconcile both sides, but this only aroused discontent and distrust of both parties to it. Marat suggested executing Lafayet, and after the king flew from Paris on the Marquis, suspicion of awarding the monarch fell.

Even Lafayet’s measures for the return of the king did not remove unreasonable suspicions from him. Lafayet’s popularity among the people was quite strongly shaken after he took part in the suppression of the uprising on July 17 on the Marse Field. After the overthrow of the monarchy, Lafayette refused to swear allegiance to the republic and even arrested the commissars who arrived at his camp.

Declared by the traitor, Lafayette fled to the Netherlands, where he was captured by the Austrians and spent five years in prison. The military coup on the 18th Brumer on November 9 - 10 led to the establishment of the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte and put an end to the history of the French Revolution. After Napoleon’s announcement, the emperor Lafayette returned to his homeland, but kept far from business and again entered the path of political activity only during the “hundred days”.

Napoleon offered Lafayet the title of peer, but he did not accept him.He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies and was in opposition to the government. In subsequent years, he continued to live in France and America, ensuring the normal relations of the two countries. Until the death, and he died on May 20, Lafayette continued to actively participate in the political life of the country.

Paying a tribute to this wonderful figure, a monument was erected in his homeland in the year. On the Marse Field, July, having learned about the impending mass performance, the leadership of the Paris Commune obliged the Commander -in -Chief of the National Guard to prevent this. Lafayette issued an order prohibiting any accumulation of the people on the Marse Field on July 17. Fearing the arrest, Danton and his friend Demun is prudent or cowardly?

From the early morning of July 17, despite the ban, people began to flock on the Mars of Mars. Soon they gathered there several thousand. All of them were extremely excited and configured very belligerently. Suddenly, under the altar of the Fatherland, two tipsy tramps were discovered. They suspected the "enemies of freedom", who intended to allegedly blow up the altar of the Fatherland.

In a matter of minutes, the unfortunate Kloshars were torn to pieces by the crowd, and their cut heads are worn on peaks. With these frightening “banners”, the demonstrators loudly chanted: “Down with the king! The crowd answered his call to disperse a hail of stones. One of the stones was seriously wounded in the head of the adjutant Lafayet, the other stone hit the general himself on the cheek.

In the report of I. Simolin of July 22, he was arrested and brought to the committee. Some time later, Mr. de Lafayet ordered him to be released. ” It is characteristic that Lafayette himself does not mention this fact in the memoirs, but the Constituent Assembly, according to the Russian envoy, specially decided to take measures to find and arrest the attempt, released by Lafayet on the maternity leave on the Marse Field.

At first, the National Guards managed to scatter the demonstrators without the use of firearms, but from the middle of the day to the last profit of reinforcements. Lafayette realized that he could not cope with his cash, which he reported through the messenger to the town hall.

The constituent meeting frightened in earnest ordered the mayor of Baya to introduce martial law in the city and restore order at all costs. Soon, red banners appeared on the town hall building - a symbol of martial law. The reinforcements were sent to Lafayet. At the head of the battalion, the Grenadier under the Red Banner on the Mars of Mars appeared Baya himself. Attempts by the commander in chief and mayor to persuade the crowd had no success to disperse.

On the contrary, seeing red banners, the demonstrators came into even greater excitement. A new hail of stones fell on Lafayet and Baya. Then pistol shots were heard. Subsequently, Baya will say that one of the bullets whistled right under his ear. Two national guards were killed. Baya ordered Lafayet to act immediately. At the command of his general, the soldiers threw up their guns and shot with idle charges.

The crowd did not disperse - then the second salvo struck, followed by the third. The arrived artillery fired several shots with a buckshot. Seeing that the crowd scatters in horror, leaving the dead and the wounded, Lafayette ordered to cease the fire. In the unimaginable panic, accompanied by noise, screams and moans, Lafayet’s order was not heard.

Then the commander in chief on horseback stood in front of the vent of one of the guns and forced the gunners to cease the fire. The squadron of cavalry scattered the remnants of the demonstrators. More than 50 corpses remain on the Marse field. About a thousand people were injured. The next day, Baya claimed in the meeting that the number of those killed on the Marse Field did not exceed a person, and the number of wounded - Marat wrote about the dead.

The order was restored, but irreparable damage was inflamed and prestigious. It will take time until more tragic events supplant the execution from the French memory on the Marse Field. The resolution of the Constituent Assembly of July 18, which approved Lafayet’s actions on the Marse Field, could no longer restore its previous reputation. Lafayette: Political biography.

From Lafayet’s letter to his wife, the following letter of Lafayet to his wife is very characteristic of the judgment of a person declared at that time in his fatherland by a traitor: “Whatever the vicissitudes of fate, my dear, wrote Lafayette, but you know that I am not one of those who are easily inferior, and, knowing this, of course, you will understand the mental torment that I experienced, leaving.

The Fatherland, then the Fatherland, to which I devoted all my forces that would be free and worthy of freedom, if the private interests of individuals did not bother public opinion, did not disorganize the means of resistance from outside and legal order within the country. And, here I, the disgraced in my country, is forced to enter someone else's territory, to flee from France, which I would be so sweet to protect against enemies!

Marquis Lafayette: A figure of three revolutions: a historical essay. From Lafayet's speeches on July 11Lafayette presented the draft declaration of rights, which became the starting point and served as the basis of the declaration that was adopted. In the debates of the right of war and peace, he voted for the proposal of Mirabeau with the amendment of Le-SHAPLILE, motivating his vote with pomp and pride: “I find in the proposal of Mirabeau that unit of the authorities, which seems to me the most appropriate constitutional principles of freedom and monarchy, most capable of eliminating the scourge of war most profitable for the people; And at the moment when the latter seems to be misleading regarding this metaphysical question when those who always act in terms of folk affairs are diverge, however, accepting approximately the same basic provisions when, finally, they try to convince that only those who approve of such a project, at this moment, are definitely expressed by a person who is somewhat some experience and some experience and some experience and some Activities in the conquest of freedom gave the right to have an opinion.

We can say that the revolution needed riots, since it was necessary to destroy everything.