Biography of Bugakov

Latest news biography Mikhail Bulgakov, a writer and playwright, who continued the baton, begun by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, and turned from a doctor into a classic of Russian literature. His life was full of paradoxes and mysticism, which he fully recreated in his works. Mikhail Afanasevich considered Nikolai Gogol, who, according to his admission, appeared to him three times.

Childhood and youth Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Kyiv in a family of professor of theology Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna, who was engaged in raising seven children. Misha was the oldest child and helped parents manage the household. Of the rest of the Bulgakov children, Nikolai, who became a biologist, became fame, Ivan, who became famous in exile as a Balalae musician, and Varvara Bulgakova, who turned out to be the prototype of Elena Turbina in the novel “Belaya Guard”.

After graduating from the gymnasium, Mikhail Afanasevich entered the University of Kyiv at the medical faculty. His choice was associated with pragmatic calculation: both uncles of the future writer were doctors and earned well. For a boy who grew up in a large family, this moment was fundamental. During the First World War, Bulgakov served in the front -line zone as the doctor, - according to him, sawed his legs.

After he practiced in Vyazma, later in Kyiv as a venereologist. During this time, he suffered a number of serious diseases, including diphtheria and typhoid, which influenced his further biography. In the beginning of the X, Mikhail Afanasevich moved to Moscow and began literary activities, first as a feuilletonist, later - as a playwright and theater director at the Moscow Art Theater and the Central Theater of Working Youth.

Books of Bulgakov’s first book was the story “Chichikov’s Adventures”, written in a satirical manner. It was partially followed by the autobiographical “Notes on the cuffs”, the social drama “Deviliad” and the first large work of the writer - the novel “White Guard”. Surprisingly, this book was criticized from all sides: Soviet censorship called it anti -communist, and the foreign press spoke of it as too loyal just to the Soviet regime.

Mikhail Afanasevich told about the beginning of his medical activity in the collection “Notes of the Young Doctor”, which is still reading with great interest today, and the story “Morphiy”. One of the most famous books of the author is also associated with medicine - “Dog heart”, although in reality it is a subtle sature of modern Bulgakov reality. For example, “The Life of Mr. de Moliere” and “Theater Roman” were published only in the year, “Dog heart” - in the meter and the most powerful and mystical novel “Master and Margarita”, which Bulgakov wrote from a year until his death, saw the light only at the end of the 10ths, and then in an abbreviated form.

In March, the writer, who lost the soil under his feet, sent a letter to the government in which he asked to decide his fate: either allow to emigrate, or give the opportunity to work. As a result, Joseph Stalin personally called him and said that the performances would be allowed. But the publication of Bulgakov’s books did not resume during his life. The theater and films back on the stage of Moscow theaters were very successful in playing plays by Mikhail Afanasevich’s plays: “Zoikina apartment”, “Turbine Days” were written on the basis of “White Guard”, “Run”, “Bager Island”.

A year later, the ministry wanted to prohibit the production of “Turbin Days” as an “anti -Soviet little thing”, but it was decided not to do this, since Stalin really liked the production, who visited it 14 times. Despite this, the plays returned to the stage only after the death of the author. The only exception was the play “Basal of the Holy”, staged based on the play by Bulgakov “Moliere” in the year, after a five -year series of refusals.

The premiere passed with a huge success, but the troupe managed to give only seven shows, after which the play was prohibited. After that, Bulgakov quit the theater and later earned a living as a translator. The personal life of the first wife of the great writer was Tatyana Lapp. Their wedding was more than poor - the bride did not even have a veil, and then they lived modestly. By the way, Tatyana became the prototype of Anna Kirillovna from the story "Morphiy".

In the year, Bulgakov met the love of Belozerskaya, who came from an old princely kind, which changed his personal life. The girl was fond of literature and fully understood Mikhail Afanasevich as a creator. The writer divorced his first wife in March, and already in April married Belozerskaya. The playwright threw the second wife and led the third by the aisle. By the way, Elena Sergeevna was bred in the most famous novel by Bulgakov in the image of Margarita.

With his third wife, the writer lived until the end of his life, and it was she who made titanic efforts, so that later the works of her loved one were published. Mikhail Afanasevich had no children with any of his wife.Death in the year the writer worked on the play “Batum” about Joseph Stalin in the hope that such a work will definitely not be banned. The play was already preparing for the production when an indication came to stop rehearsals.

After that, Bulgakov began to deteriorate his health sharply - he began to lose his vision, made himself felt and an innate kidney disease. Such help allowed the patient’s life for six months, but the ailment did not retreat. Mikhail Afanasevich returned to the use of morphine to relieve pain symptoms. Since the winter of the year, he stopped getting out of bed, and on March 10 the great writer was gone.

Bulgakov was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery, and at his grave at the insistence of his spouses they put a stone, which was previously installed on the grave of Nikolai Gogol. According to the international group of scientists, led by Professor of the University of Milan, Pierre Georgio Rigette, the cause of the writer's death was the use of opioids against the backdrop of kidney disease.

Jack London suffered the same fate. Despite the fact that the writer’s work during his lifetime was actually banned, decades later many works were shielded, not only in the USSR and later in Russia, but also in European countries. Talentedly shifted the play “Ivan Vasilievich” Leonid Gaidai for the Soviet viewer, creating the famous comedy “Ivan Vasilievich changes the profession”.

The Master and Margarita had several versions. This is the film by Yuri Kara of the year and the series of Vladimir Borto GO. In the year, an interpretation of the novel with the participation of Evgeny Tsyganov, Julia Snigir, Alexander Yatsenko and others was released in the year. The project was directed by Mikhail Lokshin, and the budget amounted to about 1 billion rubles.

In the year, the premiere of the film Svetlana Astretsova “Bulgakov. This world is mine! The tape is based on letters, diary records of the writer, the memoirs of people from his theatrical environment. With the increased interest in Bulgakov’s books, the memory of him was also restored. In the name of the writer, streets in cities were named, museums were created, festivals were held.

Employees of the Crimean Observatory opened a small planet, which was named after Mikhail Afanasevich.