Beketov Chita Biography

In the scientific literature on the Russian colonization of Siberia, P. Beketov is often mentioned, and this creates the impression that his fate and activity are well studied. Meanwhile, the only special work about this pioneer contains erroneous interpretations and at the present stage of the development of science seems outdated 1. Against the background of the intensified interest of the Sibreeds in the genre of biographical research, the personality of P.

Beketov, of course, deserves close attention2. But the matter is not only in the systematization and addition of facts accumulated by historians. The turbulent fate of the conqueror of "Nemideic earth" is fraught with riddles, to which researchers still do not have certain answers. Violating the generally accepted scheme of the presentation of biographies, we will begin with the circumstances of the death of P.

Beketov, who seem to be very known thanks to the wonderful “life” of Protopop Avvakum. The version of Avvakum, often repeated by historians, boils down to the fact that in early March, Peter Beketov, the “boyar Lutcha”, lived in Tobolsk in his yard and was appointed to the clerks to the clerk of the Tobolsk archbishop’s house Ivan Struma. The latter, being put on a chain for "humility" by Archbishop Simeon, fled to the civilian governorship and declared "the sovereign word" both to Avvakum and the archbishop himself.

That is why the governors did not give it back to Simeon, but appointed the bailiff to him. If you believe the Avvakum, then on March 4, this procedure caused a protest from Beketov, who scolded Simeon and Abvakum in the church, after which he "became furious, to his court and died with a bitter death of evil." Beketov’s body allegedly lay on the street for 3 days and only then was buried by compassionate lord and protopop3.

Meanwhile, the well -known Yenisei explorer Boyarsky son Peter Beketov at that time was on the Amur in the "Army" Onufry Stepanov. From March 13 to April 4, the story of Avvakum about the death of the death in Tobolsk precisely the explorer Beketov should be recognized as false. However, some other Peter Beketov, who served in E GG. The doubts about the truth of the story of Avvakum about the death of Beketov were expressed by A.

Borozdin, who noted that in the city of Nikolsky, objecting to the furrow, he tried to figure out the circumstances of this case. He correctly pointed out that in the city of Beketov he was sent from Yeniseisk in Transbaikalia and in the city, but since Nikolsky did not know that Beketov did not go to Yeniseisk, but then to the Amur, his next constructions about the fate of the explorer in accordance with the "life" of the Abvakum are infidels6.

Izgachev, the author of the article about Beketov in places very confused, did not pay attention to the information of Avvakum. Modern researcher D. Rezun in one of his works, following the contradictory sources, claims that Beketov was present in March G. in an encyclopedic article about Beketov, its authors D. Rezun and V. Magidovich, obviously, noticed the contradictions in the sources and tried to destroy them by moving the time of Beketov’s death in Marta G.

G. The letter from Moscow about the translation about the translation about the transfer Avvakum and his family in the Yakut Ostrog Tobolsk authorities received on June 27, if the governor of Prince believes. Khilkov, he completed the decree on the same day9. The Avvakum, accompanied by the Krasnoyarsk son of the Boyarsky Miloslav Koltsov, went to Yeniseisk by the usual water path along the Irtysh, Ob and through Makovsky dragged on the Ket River.

Avvakum held in Yeniseisk, where the next decree from Moscow came - to give Protopop to the beginning of the former Yenisei governor A. Pashkov, who at that time formed a regiment for a campaign in Transbaikalia. By the way, Avvakum remembered that he went from Tobolsk to the Yakutsk link on Petrov Day on June 29, and with the governor Pashkov from Yeniseisk - “for another summer” Pashkov made from Yeniseisk on July 18, it is unlikely that Abvakum and his family defeated the distance from Tobolsk to Yeniseisk if there was a heavy fiber track in 3 weeks.

Finally, for the practice of the voivodsk department, it was completely uncharacteristic to pull with the execution of this kind of decrees for a whole year. Thus, this fragment of “Life”, even if it were reliable, cannot relate to G. Historians stubborn confidence in the story of Habakkuk, obviously, the absence of any other testimonies about the circumstances of the death of the explorer.

Little is known about the beginning of the life path of P. Beketov, as well as about its completion. In the genealogy schemes of the noble family of the Beketovs, apparently, on the basis of family traditions under Catherine II and Paul I, Peter Ivanovich is not mentioned in the city Thus, the senior relatives of Peter Ivanovich were listed in the lists of "courtyards" and "elected" children of their boyar counties.

In the then hierarchy of officials -calls of service people "in the Fatherland" below, they were the city children of the boyar, higher - residents and nobles of Moscow. The reliability of Peter Ivanovich’s testimony of related ties is confirmed by the preserved complainted letter of August 30 in several acts for the GG. It seems that the Beketovs in the XVI century.

In Arzamas, one of the representatives of this surname could be transferred after the founding of this city in the citySo, there is reason to believe that the closest ancestors of P. Beketov belonged to the layer of provincial children of the boyars. We do not know when and where the future explorer began his career for a serving person. In the already mentioned petition, this figure is, perhaps, the fruit of someone’s mistake, since in the two very important petitions for him, which prompted the hereditary son of Boyarsky to connect his fate with Siberia, we are not yet unknown, but in January of January.

Beketov personally submitted a petition to the order of the Kazan Palace with a request for the appointment of him by the Streletsky Sotnik in a distant Yenisei prison: "So that I, your slave, dragged between the yard, not die of a hungry death." About the place of the centurion, Beketov was not at random, but knowing about the vacancy that appeared. In the fall of G., the Yenisei garrison handed the governor a petition, in which he asked to appoint a centurion of the local clerk Maxim Perfiliev, who had already shown himself in campaigns on the "Nemideous lands".

The governor A. Oshanin agreed with the choice of the Yenisei archers and sent their petition to Moscow. In the capital, however, preference was given to Peter Beketov. A favorable decision for him was facilitated, presumably, the rank of Boyarsky’s son, more honorable than the position of clergy Perfiliev, however, received the position of Yenisei chieftain. In connection with the appointment of Beketov Sotnik in the Siberian garrison, which consisted of many of the people of the self -willed and exiles, it seems incredible to the approximate date of his birth indicated in the literature - it should be attributed to at least the end of the 16th century.

In January, the Ostrog founded in the city of Yenisei at that time was the outpost of Russian colonization, from where the small detachments of servicemen stubbornly advanced along the hangar, bringing numerous, but scattered births of Evenks and Buryats to Russian citizenship. By the end of the x. In the spring, G. Beketov went on his first campaign at the head of the detachment of 30 servants and 60 "industrial" people.

The purpose of the campaign was the pacification of the Nizhneangarsky tungus Evenks, who in the city of Perfiliev; Ataman fought back, but the detachment suffered losses. Beketov had an instruction from the governor not to begin military operations, but to influence the Tungus with persuasion and "affection". Peter Ivanovich successfully coped with this task, and his detachment built his Rybinsky prison in the lower reaches of the Angara.

Beketov returned to Yeniseisk with the Tungusky Amanas and the vacation collected by Yeniseisk was brief, because in the fall G. Beketov was again sent up the hangar, having only 19 servants in subordination. Speech on a hike in the fall, this was usually done in the spring indicates the hasty and extraordinary nature of the expedition. The fact is that in the summer of G.

Khripunov, who, after wintering in Yeniseisk, was supposed to go to the hangar to search for silver deposits. A large detachment of Khripunov man could be a serious competitor in the intelligence and declaration of new "earth". Argamakov subsequently suspected his suspicions were justified that Khripunov, who had not submitted to him, could disorganize with great difficulty the installed system of collecting Yasak from the peoples of the Angara.

In the summer of G. Voeikov with 12 Cossacks - a reconnaissance detachment sent by Khripunov after him to the big Angarsk thresholds hastily performed by Beketov. During this campaign, it was Beketov who first had been represented by Russian power to the ancestors of modern Buryats. Gathering Yasak from the Tungus along the way, Beketov’s detachment overcame the Angarsk thresholds and reached the mouth of the Oka River.

Here, for the first time, from several "fraternal" princes, Yasak was collected, although modest in size. Later, Pyotr Ivanovich recalled that he "walked the yard of the brothers threshold along the Tunguska up and along the river and along the Angara River and to the Uda of the River in the Baikalia and Transbaikalia there are several rivers with the same name for Ud. In this case, we are talking about the Ude, flowing to the right into the Angara in the area of ​​modern villages of Ust-Uda and Balagansk.

Subsequently, Beketov, not without pride, emphasized: "But the former, sovereign, I have not been to me in those places." It is not known exactly where Beketov wintered with his Cossacks; Apparently, somewhere near the fraternal threshold or at the mouth of Ilim.