Ishimov biography

Blessing you? You like to listen to wonderful stories about brave heroes and beautiful princesses, you are amused by fairy tales about good and evil sorceresses. But, right, it will be even more pleasant for you to hear not a fairy tale, but the past, that is, the truth? Listen, I will tell you about the affairs of your ancestors. ” Further, in an artistic form, a writer tells about the history of Russia, about the origin of the Russian state, about the strengthening of its power.

The book is reflected in all the most important events of Russian history from ancient times before the beginning of the reign of Nicholas I. Part 1 begins with the history of Ancient Rus'. The author talks about the origin of the Slavs before the Christian chronology, about the beginning of the Russian state, about its first rulers Olga, Prince Svyatoslav I, about Vladimir, Yaroslav, etc., individual chapters are dedicated to the baptism of Rus', the “word on the Igor’s regiment”, Alexander Nevsky, the Kulikovo battle, the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Boris Godunov and many other names and other names and other names and other names and many other names and many other names and many other names and many other names and many other names Russian history up to a year.

Part 2 begins with the reign of Prince M. Skopin-Shuisky, the emergence of representatives of the Romanov House in our history, covers the Petrovsky and Elizabethan era until the beginning of the reign of Catherine II. The basis of this work, as already noted, is the work of N. Karamzin “History of the Russian State”, therefore all interpretations of historical events mainly correspond to the views of Karamzin and Ishimova herself, which proceeded from the religious and monarchical positions of the official historiography of that time.

But all historical events are transformed for their perception by children. The religious and moral position in the coverage of historical events corresponds to the personal views of A. Ishimova and the red thread passes through all her work. Creating perception, creating a certain emotional background, quoted by the author of A. Pushkin, V. Zhukovsky, V. Boratynsky, I. Krylov, ritual songs, proverbs, etc.

Ishimova conveys not only historical events, but entire chapters are dedicated to the emotional disclosure of images of individual characters and describing the customs and customs of one or another era. So, the book contains the chapters: “The holidays and amusements of Petersburg”, “The morals and customs of Russians under Vasily IV”, “The painful life of the killer” about B.

Godunov, “The unfortunate reign of the Shuisky”, “Modesty of the Romanovs”, “The state of Europe during the reign of Empress Elizabeth”, “The inconsistency of happiness” about Elizabeth and others. In the chapter “Uglich and the last descendant of Rurik on the male knee”, Ishimov uses one of the local Uglich traditions about the death of Tsarevich Dimitry. But it not only retells the legend, but gives all events a certain emotional coloring, clearly anti -good and evil that manifested itself in the description of the city where the murder of the city was declining, in portraits of characters.

For example, the organizer of the murder of Bityagovsky has a “bestial look”, “terrible face”, and the prince on the contrary - “beautiful baby”, “innocent child”.

It was in the “History of Russia ...” children could first get acquainted with the “Word of Igor’s Regiment”, to whom the special chapter “The First Poem of Russian” is dedicated; The “teaching of Vladimir Monomakh” was transmitted close to the text, the adoption of Christianity in Rus' is covered in detail. Belinsky noted such a presentation of material as the dignity of the book. In an article on the assessment of “History in Stories for Children”, he wrote: “The journey of Empress Catherine II to Crimea combines the historical fidelity of content with the romantic charm of presentation.” Or: “Moving the University in St.

Petersburg” is an interesting article that is interesting and well -set. Ishimova to the royal power. She does not condemn a single sovereign, whatever his deeds and actions. Boris Godunov is a killer, but with what torment he bathed his sin! Empress Anna Ioanovna is a kind soul, yes, very much, but the Duke of Biron is bad, cruel! And Pugachev’s depressed uprising is interpreted as the outrage of the ungrateful ink against the empress, taking care of her subjects.

Folk speeches are called "robbery", "pestilence". At the same time, nothing is said about the causes of uprisings. She also condemns the self -will of the Novgorodians, who did not obey the princes of Kyiv, but chose the princes themselves, often replacing them. And at the same time, he draws impressive paintings by Russian people in Kozelsk from the Tatar-Mongol hordes.

Belinsky also noted another undoubted dignity of Ishimova’s work: the maximum approach to the present. The book covers a huge historical period, from the origin of the Slavs, from the pre -Christian chronology to a year. Even professional historians were not resolved to such a rapprochement with modernity. The only thing that Belinsky put Ishimova on the reproach is that she does not have much difference between the emperors, and the reign of Anna Ioanovna, according to Ishimova, is not lower than the reign of Peter the Great, despite the fact that both Peter and Catherine II are given special praises.

According to Belinsky, the history of Russia begins with Peter, a truly great sovereign.And the pre -Petrine era in historical narratives should be stated very briefly, since genuine evidence of the era of Ancient Rus' is clearly not enough. In the article “Our Children's Literature”, he recalls that the book “compiled according to Karamzin, therefore, by the characterization of persons and eras, there is a lot of lagging behind the real story ...

Virtuious princes cut each other as sheep, sooner or later suspicion of the serious meaning of the story.” However, the History of Russia continued to be published. She withstood 6 publications, the latter in the year. " In the Scientific Pedagogical Library. Ushinsky RAO is stored by a copy of the book of A. Ishimova “History of Russia”, to Metropolitan of St.

Petersburg Nikanor, the author brings with deep respect. And Ishimov. In parallel, different options for “stories” for children of different ages and under different names: “Historical stories”, “Grandmother's lessons, or Russian history in conversations for young children”, “The Holy History in Talking for Children” withstood 6 publications, the last - in the year, at the request of the head of the same female educational institution, Ishimova wrote a small textbook of Russian history for the Device “Reduced Russian History”.

The first edition of this book was considered in the scientific committee of the Ministry of Education and approved for use in women's educational institutions, mainly spiritual. In the year, the 2nd and 3rd editions of this book were published, in the city of “Historical Stories” it indicates that A. Ishimov was not only well familiar with Russian history, but also the World.

A variety of topics of these stories speaks of the author as a widely educated person. The content of the book is very diverse: interesting information and facts from world history, from the Bible, from the history of different countries, about interesting people are given: stories about Bethlehem and Jerusalem, about Naples and Pompeii, about the Orleans Virgin, about Peter the Great Abroad and the House, about the Flemish artist P.

Rubens and his paintings for biblical stories, Russian actor, Russian members Academy - Ivan Afanasevich Dmitrievsky, about whom even at that time few who knew; About the exhibition of paintings at the Academy of Arts, about the devastating fire in Kazan in the year and much more. The story of the Orleans Virgin provides verses from the tragedy of Schiller and the Russian poet in French Casimir Delawin.

Moreover, only those verses that correspond to historical facts are given from Schiller. In the year, “Stories for Children from Natural History”, which are a small encyclopedia, were approved by the scientific committee of the Ministry of Education for primary school libraries. The purpose of these stories, as indicated in the preface, deliver to children an entertaining reading accessible to age and prepare them for a serious study of the science necessary during education.

The book introduced the young reader to botany, zoology, geology, geography. The book contains data on the flora and fauna of all continents, entertaining stories about famous travelers and many other interesting material. The classification of objects corresponded to the scientific ideas of that time. Stories about animals are based on guidelines for zoology approved by the scientific committee of the Ministry of Education.

We also find a similar classification in the book for reading K. Ushinsky “Children's World and Axtreaming” for the more vivid and figurative perception of children of the studied objects on the pages of the book in the essays placed the verses of V. Zhukovsky, G. Derzhavin, N. Language, Basney I. The book is well illustrated by black-and-white, very clear drawings. In the “Stories of the Holy History for Peasant Children” came out, “About the prayer of the Lord for young children” and “Russian children”.

The book “Vacations of the Year or a trip to Moscow” is devoted to traveling with the daughter of Pletnev and the description of historical monuments in the form of a presentation of the material is a magazine of a traveler from St. Petersburg to Moscow, an ancient capital and turned to my sister: “I want to maintain the impression, what kind of precious Russian monuments for us will make me; I wish to convey them to the soul, equally feeling with me, and you can only read my long messages, and if you want, to convey them to your children: after all, they asked me to describe me as much as possible everything that I will see in Moscow.

Moscow: An ancient city with its gates and shafts, a white city, Kitay-Gorod, Earth Val, Kremlin, Ivan the Great, Donskoy Monastery, Simonov Monastery, Terema of the village of Kolomensky, Troitsko-Sergius Lavra, Khotkov Monastery, Gostiny Dvor and other memorable places of Moscow. Leaving Moscow, I bought gifts and souvenirs, complaining that all these cute little things made by Russian hands “have the necessary need to be covered with a foreign name in order to gain access to a noble Russian house” of the last pages of the book - a passionate, patriotic monologue in defense of the whole Russian and, above all, the language and customs of our people, eradicating low worship in front The most lack of this educated pride, which was more fair to call self -esteem.

The main basis for this feeling is to attach to our homeland and language, the belief that we belong to the people worthy of respect-and this is what we do not have! These thoughts of A. Ishimova are consonant with the views of the great Russian teacher K. Ushinsky, set out in his articles on his native word. The historian of children's literature N. Chekhov notes that the popularity of Ishimova’s books for many years was supported by the parents who were brought up on them.

Books by A. Ishimova are not textbooks in the traditional sense. They are not always recommended for study in certain educational institutions. They rather belong to the genre of popular science literature. But their use in the study of the history of the Russian state enriched the perception of historical events, made it figurative, which facilitated understanding and memorization.

It is not for nothing that Pletnev wrote to the grotto: "... It is ashamed to compose a training book of Russian history without the manual of the history of Ishimova."