Shchors Biography cause of death

Who and for what killed Nikolai Schors? Nicholas Schors his life was not distinguished by any special feats, but after death he was overgrown with legends and narratives. Suddenly, Schors became the cult personality of the Soviet people in the country, five monuments to the commander were erected and five museums of Shchors were opened. Sklyarenko - his trilogy “Shlyah to Kyiv”, and composer B.

Lyatoshinsky - “Namely” opera. However, the most famous embodiment of the popularity of Schors was the work of the poet-songwriter Mikhail Holodny Mikhail Semenovich Epstein “Song about Shchors”, which the people called along the first lines: “There was a detachment along the shore”. Who is wounded under the red banner? In the song, it sings: "In hunger and cold, his life passed." Nikolai Shchors was born in the city of Schors, Alexander, arrived in Snovsk from Belarus.

Shchorsa's childhood was typical of children from working families - not always well -fed, but always mischievous and precious. He graduated from a parish school and was going to enter the Poltava Theological Seminary. He will get to Poltava, but later with the outbreak of World War I, Shchors is already finishing the military-feldsher courses in Kyiv and voluntarily travels to the front.

After some time, he is sent to accelerated training courses for junior officers to the Vilnius school evacuated to Poltava, so that the Schors is already in the rank of warrant officer. He fought boldly and skillfully. As part of the Anapa Infantry Regiment, the Schors spent almost three years in the infantry division of the South-Western Front. In the war, Nikolai earned tuberculosis, and on December 30 of the year, Lieutenant Shchors was released from military service due to illness and left for his native Snovsk.

Where Schorsism grabbed Marxism is unknown for certain, but he met the February revolution positively. It is difficult to assume further political transformations of Shchors, since there is practically no information about his activities. But with the advent of the Germans to Ukraine, Nikolai Shchors clearly took them as enemies and stood in the ranks of resistance.

His experience was useful in organizing the Red Guard detachment, with which Nikolai Shchors began sabotage activities against the Germans. This detachment was formed in the village of Semenovka of the Novozybkovsky district and acted in the Kiev region, where the German “Ordnung” was on top, because the actions of the detachment initially did not differ in a certain insolence or courage.

But the military experience and the steep character of the commander were made by the Semenovsky detachment with a serious combat unit. In the battles near the Zlynka and Novozybkov station, the partisans greatly patted the Germans. Then, after the conclusion of the contract between the Council of People's Commissars and the hetman of Skoropadsky, the detachment should have been disbanded.

Nikolai Shchors decided to go to Moscow, where, according to some reports, he met with Lenin. At the same time, he became a member of the RCP B and his candidacy was considered by the command of the Red Army for sending to the Eastern Front, as a specialist in organizing partisan detachments. The participation or non -participation of Shchors in preparatory operations on the Eastern Front is another mystery of his biography.

Shchors remained in demand in his homeland. According to VRK, he goes to the village of Uncha, where he begins to create a new unit. Within one month, the first regular Ukrainian regiment of the Red Army was formed from the rebels and the Red Guards, which received the name of Ivan Bogun. The Bogunovsky regiment received combat baptism on October 23 under the settlements of Bryanov and Lyshchichi Kustichi, where the Germans were able to buy recruits.

But Shchors took the soldier to the position and began to conduct enhanced preparation of the personnel, after which new battles followed. Shchors excellently used a combination of tactics of regular troops with partisan raids. After Germany left the war and the flight of Skoropadsky, the opponents of Shchors became the troops of the Directory, against which the Bogunovites acted in the Surazh, Unuchi, Novgorod-Siversky, Glukhov, Starodub, and the 1st Ukrainian brigade was created on the basis of the regiment.

In the winter of the year, Shchorsa detachments already acted on the approaches to Kyiv. Despite the insufficient amount of strength, Shchors decides to attack the Brovary station. The blow to the flank stunned the Petliurists, and they began to leave the city, fearing the environment. The brigade brigade commander ordered the Bogun regiment and armoredvizion to cross the chain bridge, and hit the Tarashchansky regiment into the area of ​​the railway station.

Schorsa was awarded an honorary weapon for the operation. Subsequently, the capital Boulevard Shevchenko was decorated with the equestrian statue of Nikolai Alexandrovich. During the "commandant" Shchors in the city, a second wave of "red terror" passed around the city. There was no evidence of the personal cruelty of the commandant, but it is known that he drew “bloody boys in his eyes” with vodka.

At the same time, in his orders, he cares about street children and orphans, oversees the work of city baths and shops, organizes food. His further fate was short. In the conditions of Denikin’s advance and the activation of the UPR troops, he is appointed head of the 1st Ukrainian Soviet Division, united in the UYu Rifle Division.The division was part of the Army, which covered Kyiv from the west of the Troops of the UPR and from the south - from the Denikins, after the front broken by the cavalry of General Mamontov.

During one of the battles, Shchors was killed. Strange funerals and exhumation actually, in the death of Noddiv, initially did not find anything special. Do they get enough of them on the fronts of the Civil War? But amazing was not so much death as everything that happened later. The most amazing fact was that Nikolai Shchors was buried not in Ukraine, where he died, but taken to Samara, that in the conditions of military operations it looked not a characteristic phenomenon.

The embalmed body was taken in a special carriage.

According to some evidence, it was previously lowered into a solution of table salt. The commander was buried in a sealed coffin. In connection with the reconstruction of the city, people were offered to reburial the graves of their relatives in the Chorsy body, in connection with the reconstruction of the city, but they forgot the grave of Schors, and then they lost! And even the wife of Shchors could not find her.

People watched the film and sang a song about “who is wounded under the red banner”, but they did not know about the grave of the hero. After the Great Patriotic War, the surviving veterans-Schuresis raised noise and complained to the Central Committee that the grave had disappeared. The Central Committee instructed to figure it out, and the Kuibyshevsky regional committee began work to search for the grave.

The commission established that “on the territory of the Kuibyshev cable plant at the former Orthodox cemetery, three meters from the right corner of the western facade of the electrician found a grave, in which the body of N. Mogil was buried in a half -meter layer of crushed stone, which was very characteristic of the Soviet“ oversight -winged construction projects ”.

Then the coffin with the body was transferred to another cemetery, already on a new burial a granite obelisk appeared, to which the Communists and Komsomol members were hazelled, wreaths and flowers were laid here, they took it into pioneers. The commission not only rebooted the rests in disappointing conclusions, but also conducted their thorough inspection, which proved that the truth about the causes of his death was also buried with the Shchors body.

Immediately after removing the coffin cover, in front of the eyes of those present, the characteristic features due to free air access began to change rapidly, it turned into a shapeless mass of the monotonous structure naturally that during the opening there were forensic experts who found that damage to the skull were caused by a bullet from a fire-rifled weapon that entered the back of the head and went out in the area of ​​the crown.

But the conclusion of the experts was incredible: "The shot was made from close range, allegedly from steps." It turned out that Nikolai Shchorsa, the red hero of Kyiv, was killed by the no insidious bullet of the Petlyurian, but her bullet. But whose? Witnesses and versions today exist three main versions of what happened: the official-“Mettle Petliur Machine gunner”, the next-death by the hands of comrades-seekers and the third-“The trace of Leo Trotsky”.

The main witness of the death of the commander was his deputy Ivan Dubova, who led the division after the death of Nikolai Schors. Dubova, like many “heroes of the Civil War”, published his memoirs “legendary start”, which saw the light of the year. Dubova describes how on August 30, near the village of Beloshinites, they, together with Shchors and authorized Revolutionary Military Council Tankhil-Tanhilevich, arrived to support the regiment of Comrade Casimir Kvyatyk from the Bogun brigade Bongardt.

The front chain lay down under the fire of the Petliurian machine gunner. According to Dubovoi, Shchors took binoculars and began to look to where the machine -gun fire came from. But after a moment, binoculars fell out of the hands of Shchors, fell to the ground, the head of Shchors too. But he did not respond. Then I crawled to him and began to look. I see the blood on the back of the head appeared.

I took off his cap from him - the bullet hit the left temple and went into the back of the head. After 15 minutes, Shchors, without regaining consciousness, died in my arms. ” At the same time, Dubovova personally bandaged the commander’s head, but after forbidding to unwind the bandages of Anna Rosenbum, who had run up to the nurse. It was Dubova who sent the body to bury without a medical examination.

And, finally, it was Dubova who led the brigade after the death of Shchors. The official version was confirmed by the Commerce Regiment Casimir Kvyatk in the magazine "Communist" of the year. It was this version that fell into an official legend sung in the film and music. It remains to add that both witnesses - both Ivan Dubova and Casimir Kvyatk - were shot as “traitors of the homeland and enemies of the people”: one in, the other in the year.

From the indirect accusations - the former bribery of the cavalry of the Cavalry of the Army S. Petrikovsky Petrenko accused his stifling directly to the death of Shchors. It was he, at the end of the X, the first to record the presence in the trench where Shchors died, only two people-Oak and Tankhil-Tankhilevich. Petrikovsky claimed that after what happened, Dubova behaved inappropriately, “trying to give a humorous shade to his story, how he heard the words of the Red Army lying on the right:“ What is this bastard from the lyreverte shooting?The cavalryist assured that the shot made an authorized Tankhil-Tankhilevich, but he could not do this without the assistance of the oak.

And although the direct performers of the shot were not officially called, Petrikovsky sowed good doubts. The mysterious third and “trace of Trotsky” is known that Pavel Samuilovich Tankhil-Tankhilevich was an Odessa, a native of the bourgeois family. According to some sources, he had a criminal past. Having a completely tolerable education, knowing two languages, summer Peter Samuilovich quickly found himself in a revolution.

In the year, he serves as a political inspector of the Revolutionary Council of the Army under the leadership of the famous Semyon Aralov. After the tragic death of Shchorsa Tankhil-Tankhilevich, suddenly disappears from Ukraine and appears on the Southern Front in a higher rank of the senior censor-controller of the military-certificate department of the Revolutionary Council of the Army.