Biography of Caesar Plutarch

Caesar youth. The persecution and the elevation of persecution ... When Sulla seized power, he could not either threaten or promises to encourage Caesar to divorce from Cornelia, the daughter of Qingnna, who at one time at one time as a uninolistic ruler of Rome; Therefore, Sulla confiscated the dowry of Cornelia.

The reason for Sulla’s hatred to Caesar was the kinship of the latter with Maria, for Mari the eldest was married to Julia, a aunt Caesar; From this marriage, Mari the Younger was born, who, therefore, was Caesar's cousin. Employed at first with numerous killings and urgent matters, Sulla did not pay attention to Caesar, but he, not content with this, acted publicly, achieving a priestly position, although he barely reached his youth.

Julius Caesar. Roman bust, I century n. By the beginning of the 1st century BC. The closest relatives of the future dictator were guided by Guy Maria, and Caesar from another branch supported Sulla. At the same time, the last branch played a large role in public life than the one to which Gais Julius Caesar belonged. Sulla opposed this and made Caesar failed. He even intended to destroy Caesar and, when they told him that it was pointless to kill such a boy, replied: “You don’t understand anything, if you don’t see that this boy is a lot of Mariev.” When Caesar found out about these words of Sulla, he hid for a long time, wandering in the land of the Sabines.

But once, when he was pierced and transferred from one house to another, he came across a detachment of Sullan warriors at night who examined this area in order to detain everyone hiding. Giving the head of the detachment to Cornelius two talents, Caesar achieved that he was released, and immediately, having reached the sea, sailed to Bethino, to the king Nicomed. Having spent a little time here in captivity, he was captured by pirates on the way back by the island of Farmaku, who already had a large fleet and, with the help of their countless ships, dominated the sea.

When the pirates demanded a ransom of twenty talents from him, Caesar laughed, saying that they did not know who they captured, and offered to give them fifty talents. Then, having sent his people to various cities for money, he remained among these ferocious kilicians with one friend and two servants; Despite this, he behaved so arrogantly that every time, about to relax, he sent to order the pirates so that they would not make noise.

He stayed with the pirates for thirty -eight days, behaving as if they were his bodyguards, and he was their captive, and without the slightest fear, he was amused and joked with them. He wrote poems and speech, recited them to the pirates and those who did not express their admiration, called it in the face by unlaws and barbarians, often threatening to hang them with a laugh.

Those willingly listened to these free speeches, seeing in them a manifestation of complacency and playfulness. However, as soon as the redemption money from Miletus and Caesar, having paid them, was released, he immediately equipped the ships and left the Miletian harbor against the pirates. He found them still anchored near the island and captured most of them.

He took the captured wealth as prey, and imprisoned people in Pergamum. He himself went to Yunka, the governor of Asia, finding that, like Praetor, to punish the pirates taken. However, Junk, who looked with envy of the captured money because there were many of them, said that he would take care of the case of the captives when he had time; Then Caesar, having said goodbye to him, headed for Pergamum, ordered to bring the pirates and all to one, as he often predicted to them on the island when they considered his words a joke.

The elevation of Caesar, meanwhile, Sulla's power went to decline, and Caesar's friends began to call him in Rome. However, Caesar first went to Rhodes, to the school of Apollonia, the son of Molon, from whom Cicero studied and who was famous not only for oratory, but also with his moral virtues. Caesar, as reported, and by nature was highly gifted with the abilities of eloquence in the state field and zealously exercised his talent, so, undoubtedly, he belonged to the second place in this art; However, he refused to excite in eloquence, caring more about becoming the first thanks to the power and strength of weapons; Being busy with military and civilian enterprises, with the help of which he subjugated the state, he did not reach the oratory to the limit that was indicated to him by nature.

Later, in his work directed against the composition of Ciceron about Cato, he himself asked not to compare this word of a warrior with the skillful speech of a gifted speaker, who devoted a lot of time to the improvement of his gift. Upon arrival in Rome, Caesar attracted Dolabell to court on charges of extortion in the province, and many of the Greek cities presented him witnesses.

Dolabella, however, was justified. In order to thank the Greeks for their zeal, Caesar undertook to conduct their business, which they began at the Praetor of Macedonia Mark Lukull against Publi Anthony, accusing him of bribery.Caesar so energetically led the case that Anthony appealed to the people's stands in Rome, referring to the fact that in Greece he is not equal to the Greeks.

In Rome, Caesar, thanks to his eloquent protective speeches in the courts, achieved brilliant success, and his love of common people acquired his courtesy and affectionate, for he was more attentive to everyone that could be expected at his age. And his dinners, feasts and generally a brilliant lifestyle contributed to the gradual growth of its influence in the state.

At first, the envious of Caesar did not pay attention to this, believing that he would be forgotten immediately after his funds were exhausted. Only when it was too late, when this power was already so growing that it was difficult for her to contrast anything, and went directly to the overthrow of the existing system, did they realize that it could not be considered insignificant in any case.

What is not suppressed in the bud is rapidly increasing, because in the neglect it finds the conditions for unhindered development. Cicero, as it seems, was the first to consider Caesar’s activity suspicious and inspiring, which, in appearance, was calm, like the smooth sea, and recognized in this person a bold and decisive character, hiding under the mask of affection and cheerfulness.

He said that in all thoughts and the image of Caesar’s actions, he sees tyrannical intentions. But about that - later. Caesar received the first evidence of the love of the people at a time when, seeking the post of military tribune simultaneously with Gay Pompilius, he was elected a large number of votes than that, the second, and even more obvious, when, after the death of his aunt Julia, his wife, Maria, he not only uttered the brilliant laudable speech of the deceased, but also dared to exhibit Maria's images during the funeral, which were shown for the first time since the time of the first time.

The coming to power of Sulla, since the Mari and his supporters were declared enemies of the state. Some raised their voice against this act, but the people with screaming and loud man -made showed their approval by Caesar, who, after so long, returned the honor of Maria from Aid to Rome. The Romans were customary to keep tombstones during the burial of old women, but with respect to the young people, and the first to do it Caesar when his wife died.

And this caused the approval of the people and attracted their sympathy to Caesar, as a man of a meek and noble manner. After his wife’s funeral, he went to Spain as a questor under the praetor of the Wind, whom he always read and whose son later, when he himself became a praetor, made a quessor. Returning after the departure of this position, he married his third marriage in Pompey, having a daughter from Cornelia, who later married Pompey Magnes.

Clushing his money generously and buying, it seemed, at the cost of the greatest expenses, brief and fragile fame, in fact, acquiring the greatest benefits for a cheap price, he, as they say, before receiving the first position, had debts for a thousand three hundred talents. Assigned by the caretaker of the Appieva Road, he held a lot of his own money, then, being Edil, put up three hundred twenty pairs of gladiators, and pushed all his predecessors with magnificent costs, ceremonies and lunch.

But the people, for their part, became so located to him that everyone was looking for new positions and honors that could reward Caesar. In order to strengthen the Marians, Caesar, when the memories of his generosity as Edil were still fresh, at night brought to the Capitol and put the images made by Maria and the goddesses of victories carrying trophies.

The next morning, the view of these gold and made of gold and made of extremely skillfully images, the inscriptions on which were narrated about the victories over the kimvra, caused a sense of amazement before the courage of a man who erected their name, of course, did not remain unknown. The rumor of this soon spread, and the Romans escaped to look at the images.

At the same time, some shouted that Caesar was plotting tyranny, restoring honors buried by the laws and decrees of the Senate, and that he was experiencing the people, wanting to find out if he, who was ready for his generosity, dutifully endure his jokes and ventures. The Marians, on the contrary, immediately appearing in many, encouraged each other and filled the Capitol with applause; Many of them have tears of joy at the sight of the image of Mary, and they extolled Caesar with the greatest praise, as the only person who worthy of kinship with Maria.

On this occasion, the Senate meeting was convened, and the Lutations of the Katul, who then enjoyed the greatest influence among the Romans, acted against Caesar, throwing a well -known phrase: “So, Caesar encroaches the state no longer through the slope, but with siege machines.”But Caesar acted so skillfully in his defense that the Senate remained satisfied, and Caesar's supporters were even more daring and called him to retreat in his designs, because the support of the people would provide him with primacy and victory over opponents.

Meanwhile, the Supreme Priest Metell died, and two famous people who enjoyed great influence in the Senate - Servi Isavriysky and Katul - fought with each other, achieving this position. Caesar did not retreat to them and also put his candidacy in the People’s Assembly. It seemed that all the applicants enjoy the support of support, but the Katula, due to the high position that he occupied, was more afraid of the obscure outcome of the struggle and therefore began negotiations with Caesar, offering him a large amount of money if he refuses rivalry.

Caesar, however, replied that he would continue the struggle, even if for this one would have to borrow even more. On the day of the election, saying goodbye to her mother, who wandered away, escorting him to the door, he said: "Today, mother, you will see your son either a supreme priest or an exile." In the elections, Caesar prevailed and this inspired the Senate and the nobility that he could captivate the people on any insolence.

Therefore, Pizon and Katul were reproached with Cicero, who spared Caesar, who was involved in Catilina's conspiracy. As you know, Katilina intended not only to overthrow the existing system, but also to destroy all power and make a full coup. He himself left the city when only minor evidence appeared against him, and the most important plans remained still hidden, but the tape and Tsetuga left in Rome to continue to weave a conspiracy.

It is not known whether Caesar was secretly supported by something and whether they expressed sympathy for these people, but in the Senate, when they were completely exposed and the consul Cicero asked each senator his opinion about the punishment of the perpetrators, everyone spoke out for the death penalty until the line came to Caesar, who spoke with a pre-thought-out speech, saying that to kill people outstanding in their origin and dignity.

Unjust and not in the custom of the Romans, if this is not caused by extreme necessity. If, at the future, until a complete victory over Kalilina, they will be detained in Italian cities that Cicero himself can choose, then the Senate will be able to decide on the fate of each of them in an atmosphere of peace and tranquility. This proposal seemed so human loving and it was so strongly and convincingly justified that not only those who spoke after Caesar joined him, but many of those who spoke previously began to abandon their opinion and support Caesar’s proposal until the line reached the Cato and the Catol.

These same began to objectfully object, and Cato even expressed suspicion against Caesar in his speech and opposed him with all its sharpness. Finally, it was decided to execute the conspirators, and when Caesar left the Senate building, he attacked him with naked swords of many escaped young men from among those who guarded Cicero then. But, as reported, Kurion, covering Caesar, safely withdrew him, and Cicero himself, when the young men looked around, kept them with a sign, either frightened by the people, or even considering such a murder unfair and illegal.

If all this is true, then I do not understand why Cicero does not say anything about this in the composition of his consulate. Later he was accused of not taking advantage of the then beautiful opportunity to get rid of Caesar, but was frightened by the people, unusually attached to Caesar. This attachment manifested itself a few days later, when Caesar came to the Senate to defend himself against put forward suspicions, and was met by hostile noise.

Seeing that the meeting was delayed longer than usual, the people with screams fled and surrounded the building, urgently demanding that Caesar release. Therefore, Cato, strongly fearing the uprising of the poor, who, having hopes on Caesar, ignited the whole people, convinced the Senate to establish monthly bread distributions for the poor. This added a new one to the rest of the state’s expenses - in the amount of seven million five hundred thousand drams annually, but it averted the great danger that directly threatened, as it deprived Caesar most of his influence just when he was going to take the position of praetor and was even more dangerous as a result of this.

The family scandal of the year of Caesar's Pondure passed calmly, and only in his own house did an unpleasant occasion occurred. There was a certain man from among the old nobility, known for his wealth and eloquence, but in atrocity and insolence, not inferior to any of the famous libertines. He was in love with Pompey, the wife of Caesar, and reciprocated. But the female rooms were strictly guarded, and the mother of Caesar Aurelius, the venerable woman, made her constant observation of the daughter -in -law the dates of lovers difficult and dangerous.

The Romans have a goddess, which they call goodness, and the Greeks - feminine.The Phrygians give her out for their own, considering the wife of their king Midas, the Romans claim that this is a nymph of the Dryad, the wife of Favna, according to the Greeks - she is that of the mothers of Dionysus, whose name cannot be called. Therefore, women participating in her holiday cover the tent with vines, and a sacred snake is placed at the feet of the goddess, in accordance with the myth.

No man can be present at the festival and even be in the house where the celebration copes; Only women create sacred rites, in many ways, as they say, similar to orphic. When the day of the holiday arrives, the consul or the praetor, in whose house he copes, must leave the house with all the men, his wife, having accepted the house, produces priesthood. The main part of them is performed at night, accompanied by games and music.

In that year, the holiday was celebrated by Pompey, and Claudius, who had not yet had a beard and therefore expected to go unnoticed, appeared there, dressed in an outfit of harpist and indistinguishable from a young woman. He found the doors unstarted and was safely drawn to the house one of the maids dedicated to a secret, who went forward to notify Pompey. Since she did not return for a long time, Claudius could not endure his expectations in one place where he was left, and began to make his way forward in the large house, avoiding brightly lit places.

But the maid of Aurelia faced him and believing that a woman in front of her began to invite him to take part in the games and, despite his resistance, led him to the others, asking who he was and where he came from. When Claudius replied that he was waiting for Abra, that was the name of that maid of Pompeii, his voice gave him out, and the maid of Aurelia rushed into the light, to the crowd, and began to shout that she had discovered a man.

All the women were frightened by this, Aurelius, having stopped committing the sacraments and covering the shrine, ordered to lock the doors and began to go around the whole house with lamps in search of Claudius. Finally, he was found by the maids who had hung up in the room, who helped him enter the house, and the women who discovered him drove him out. Women, having gone home, told their husbands about what had happened at night.

The next day, a rumor spread throughout Rome that Claudia committed blasphemy and is guilty not only to the offended by him, but also to the city and the gods. One of the people's tribunes publicly accused Claudius of wickedness, and the most influential senators opposed him, accusing him along with other vile misses in connection with his own sister, the wife of Lukullah. But the people opposed their efforts and accepted Claudius under defense, which brought the great benefit in court, for the judges were scared and trembled in front of the ink.