Hetman Skoropadsky biography

The prince, by the right of birth, devoted a significant part of his life to the struggle for the Ukrainian state. Pavel Petrovich Skoropadsky - the last hetman of Ukraine, a talented military leader and the hot patriot of Ukraine, who managed to conduct fundamental state reforms in Ukraine in the extremely difficult conditions of the revolution and civil war, replacing the Central Rada with Mikhail Grushevsky at the head of the country of "romantics", engaging in the state construction of the young Ukrainian state.

The former tsarist lieutenant General Skoropadsky managed to make a strong, self-sufficient state from Ukraine, with which neighbors were forced to reckon, both in the West and in the East. A descendant of the hetman family, a fan of Cossack glory, he was able to revive national traditions, creating a fashion for everything Ukrainian. The exploits of Paul Skoropadsky in the name of Ukraine.

From the very beginning of the national democratic revolution of the GG. Pavel Petrovich supported the Ukrainian national liberation movement, transferring it into the practical direction of the construction and protection of an independent Ukrainian state. Skoropadsky became the founder and commander of the First Ukrainian Military Corps, based on the bayonets of which the Central Rada could proclaim the independence of Ukraine in the IV station wagon.

The corps of Skoropadsky consisted of more than 20! How Skoropadsky managed to create by July! The answer of Simpadsky formed it on the basis of the Army Corps of the Tsarist Army, which he commanded on the southwestern front, enlisted the support of the comfront General Kornilov. The latter agreed in the context of the widespread scattering and scraping of the soldiers and the younger Komi station to the "experiment", in which Ukrainians will protect their land from the invaders at the front.

It is difficult to overestimate the value of this large military unit in the conditions of widespread chaos and anarchy GG. He suppressed the first two Bolshevik rebellions in Ukraine, when, on the orders of Lenin and Trotsky from St. Petersburg at the end of October, the future Bolshevik Prime Minister of Ukraine, the 2nd Army Corps, executed from the front and moved to Kyiv to overthrow the Central Rada, the soldiers of the first Ukrainian military corps stopped them near Zhmerinka and thus, fighters under the leadership of the village.

Skoropadsky not only saved the Ukrainian authorities, but also managed to scare the aggressive Bolsheviks who were forced to transfer the “capital of Ukraine” to Kharkov, since both the Central Bank and Skoropadsky left almost any chances. However, the socialists from the Central Rada saw in the unprecedented growth of the popularity of the Ukrainian general the manifestation of Bonapartism, and on the eve of the year forced him to resign.

He headed Ukraine in a very difficult period of its history on April 29 - December 14, in the conditions of the Austro -German military presence in Ukraine, the UPR government and the Central Rada showed a complete inability to effective management. Endless discussions and intra -party disputes of the Central Rada led to a tireless loss of authority of the Ukrainian authorities, when Ukraine and its capital lived "completely different lives." In such conditions, there was a danger of the liquidation by the Germans of Ukraine as a subject and its transformation into a banal colony.

Skoropadsky then headed the opposition to the Central Rada organization "Ukrainian Gromada" and April 29 - a coup d'etat, which was supported by the Germans and made it possible to maintain Ukrainian statehood. In general, it was a wise step of Skoropadsky in the conditions when Germany and Austria-Hungary lost the 1st World War, to get a respite from the military invasion of Bolshevik Russia to create an independent Ukrainian state and the combat-ready army.

During the reign of the hetman Skoropadsky, a number of cardinal reforms were carried out in many areas designed to consolidate the independence of the young Ukrainian state: more state acts were adopted that consolidate the independence of Ukraine; Restored the right of private property. Free entrepreneurship was allowed. Trade has developed. The hungry months of the end of the year, and especially the Bolsheviks, have gone the past.

The shops were filled with goods, Ukraine has turned into a island of well -being in the sea of ​​a poor post of revolutionary Russia; State regulation of industry, transport, trade was established in order to combat anarchy in the field.Finally, the owner appeared in the country, and it became clear who was responsible for what; The monetary system was improved, the state budget was formed, they began to pay pensions; The law on universal military duty has been adopted, Ukrainian armed forces were formed should consist of 8 army corps, the development of the Ukrainian Naval Fleet, and national aircraft began; The Ukrainian police - the hetman guard was created; the work of mail and the railway is established; Laws on Ukrainian state symbolism and Ukrainian citizenship have been adopted; Ukrainian elementary schools were created, 50 new Ukrainian secondary schools, Ukrainian gymnasiums were opened, Ukrainian language courses were opened for teachers, and Ukrainian textbooks were issued with a huge circulation; Two Ukrainian universities are open-in Kyiv and in Kamenetz-Podolsky.

At the same time, Russian universities continued their work; The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the National Archive was founded; The number of Ukrainian theater establishments, musical and cultural institutions increased; The beginning of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church is laid; The Ukrainian state officially recognized almost thirty countries of the world; A peace treaty with Soviet Russia was signed, which ensured peace in the east of the country.

Upon learning that the Central Rada at negotiations in Brest refused the Crimea, Skoropadsky said: "Ukraine cannot exist without Crimea-it will be some kind of body without legs." And having become the hetman of Ukraine, he achieved the return of the peninsula to Ukraine as autonomy. The miscalculations of Paul Skoropadsky, who had the fatal character for him and the Ukrainian state.

However, in the policy of the hetman it is difficult not to notice numerous mistakes, for example: 1. The return of landowners to their estates and repression against the peasants. As a result, a powerful rebel movement began in the village. The Bolsheviks immediately took advantage of this for their anti -government agitation. The concentration of almost dictatorial powers in their hands.

The ban on the activities of parties and the actual liquidation of Ukrainian parliamentarism. The agrarian issue in practice remained unresolved. The peasants, who made up the vast majority of the population of Ukraine, did not receive anything. An increase in the duration of the working day is up to 12 hours in conditions when the Bolsheviks in Russia promised only 8. Accordingly, social discontent grew.

The ban on strikes caused the resistance of the workers. Classes of bureaucratic positions are mainly Russian experts who were quite insincere in Ukrainian affairs. Orientation only on wealthy layers of the population. Neglect of the interests of the poor and the middle class. In conditions of post -revolutionary reality, such a policy led to discontent. Complete dependence on the German-Austrian military administration.

The transfer of many government functions to her, for example, permission to carry out military courts over Ukrainian citizens. As a result, having lost German support, the Hetman government could not hold power and fell very quickly. The adoption of P. Skoropad Act on the federation with future Molopic Russia in the last days of its rule. Thus, the main achievements on the path of state construction are crossed out.

Pages of the biography of the hetman of the Ukrainian state. From early childhood, Pavel Skoropadsky lived in the town of Trostyanets Kharkov province for a long time, where he was surrounded by many objects of ancient Cossack life. It was from a young age, according to the mentions of the hetman, that a love of Ukrainian history and culture began to form in it.

According to the prevailing tradition, the Skoropadsky family, a young heir, had to receive a military education.

In the city there, a young officer subsequently made a brilliant career, having served to the post of deputy commander of the regiment. In gg. Skoropadsky participates in the Russo-Japanese War. For the courage shown, the Ukrainian nobleman was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir and the Golden St. George weapons. Subsequently, Pavel Petrovich was appointed Eillength Adjutant of Emperor Nicholas II himself, and in the city In the year, Skoropadsky is already commanding the Dragun Finland Regiment with the rank of Major General.

From the very beginning of the First World War, General Skoropadsky was at the front, taking part in the offensive operation of the Russian troops in East Prussia. He then commanded the 1st Guards Cavalry Brigade and was awarded the Order of St. George of the 4th degree. He took an active part in the Ukrainian revolution. From late April to mid -December, he headed the Ukrainian state.

After the release of the Austro-German troops from Ukraine and the seizure by the rebels of the Directory of Kyiv, Skoropadsky was forced to renounce power and hastily emigrate to Germany. Abroad, the former hetman actively joined the political life of the Ukrainian diaspora. Skoropadsky in every possible way supported the idea of ​​establishing monarchist power in Ukraine, even created a political party.

He organized in Berlin a Ukrainian Scientific Institute, Ukrainian Society, helped financially Ukrainian students.During the Second World War, P. Skoropadsky collaborated with the Nazis, and on April 16 was mortally wounded during the American air raid on the Bavarian town of Plattling. The former Ukrainian hetman died ten days later - on April 26, he was buried in the city of Oberstddddorf in a family crypt Skoropadsky.

Interesting about Pavel Skoropadsky. In his youth, a young officer traveled a lot to the countries of Europe and the Middle East. He listened to lectures in the Sorbonne. Pavel Skoropadsky was married to the Russian noblewoman Alexander Durnovo, who came from the famous Ukrainian family Kochubeev. During the Russo-Japanese War, the cavalry units led by P.

Skoropadsky were carried out by lightning-fast exploration and sabotage raids on the rear of the enemy. The commander himself repeatedly demonstrated examples of personal courage and perseverance. During the advance of the Bolsheviks in Kyiv in January, the former commander of the First Ukrainian Corps was forced to escape, dressed by a simple peasant. And within a month of the Bolshevik occupation of Kyiv, he was hidden in the apartment without going outside.

Skoropadsky refused to take under his residence a former royal palace, where the Bolsheviks were previously located. Skoropadsky was friends with another former Russian officer, and then the head of the independent Finland Marshal - G. The Austrian occupation power tried to compromise the hetman P. Skoropadsky, replacing him with his nominee Vasily embroidered, who came from the imperial family of the Habsburgs.

But the head of the Ukrainian state, taking advantage of the support of the Germans, managed to defeat the intriguers. Some researchers believe that it was Skoropadsky who achieved the release from the German concentration camp Bandera, Y. Stetskko, Melnik. Pavel Skoropadsky on social networks. After analyzing the most popular social networks "Odnoklassniki", Facebook, VKontakte and YouTube video hosting, we can draw the following conclusions: 6 communities of fans of Pavel Skoropadsky were found on VKontakte.