I am a biography

The whip and the gingerbread of the Chekhovsky house 2. Escape to Moscow 4. In search of inspiration: Sakhalin 5. Nowadays, his plays are put and film not only in Russia, but also abroad. In his texts, Chekhov raised a variety of topics, but he did not like to write about himself. As he once said: "I have a disease - autobiographers." Knut and the gingerbread of the Chekhov house Anton Chekhov was born in a large family in Taganrog.

His father, Pavel Egorovich, first chased to sell Bykov from the Voronezh province to Moscow, and in the year he became a merchant of the third guild. In marriage with Evgenia Morozova, they had six children, Anton himself was the third. Every day at five in the morning, the brothers sang in the church choir, and after school they helped the father in the grocery shop.

All children had to study the craft: Anton, for example, knew the profession of a tailor. Mother taught children to be responsive, respect and support the weak, love nature and others. There he took the literary pseudonym Czechont, nicknamed, which one of the teachers gave him. At the age of 13, Chekhov first visited the theater where the operetta of the French composer Jacques Offenbach “Beautiful Elena” was going on.

It was then that Chekhov fell in love with the scene and literature. The theater once gave me a lot of good ... Before me there was no more enjoyment of how to sit in the theater ... From the letter of Anton Chekhov, a year escape to Moscow in the year of Chekhov Sr. ruined, and the whole family left for Moscow. The sixteen -year -old Anton, who completed his studies at the gymnasium, was left alone and was engaged in tutoring to earn a living.

In these years, he read a lot, wrote essays for gymnasium magazines, and the Zaika magazine with short sketches from Taganrog life sent his brothers to Moscow. In the year, Chekhov graduated from a gymnasium and left Taganrog to Moscow. There he began to take care of the family, provided loved ones with modest income from literary publications. Chekhov’s debut in the press took place in December of the same year: the story “A letter to a scientific neighbor” and humor “What is most often found in novels, novels, etc.

were published in the magazine“ Dragonfly ”. There, in the year, he met the head of the Resurrection Zemstvo hospital, Dr. Pavel Arkhangelsk. During his studies, the Czechs took patients, he went on practice here, and after graduating from the university he remained working as a county doctor. In the summer of the year, he moved to the post of head of the Zvenigorod hospital.

The doctor became a lesson at the university Anton Chekhov combined with constant literary work. Basically, he was published under the pseudonym Antosh Chekhont, later “a doctor without patients”, “uncle”, “man without a spleen”, “baldasov”, “Antonson”, “Brother of my brother” - about fifty appeared. Chekhov was published in the Moscow coming magazines "Budar", "Spectator", "Shards", collaborated with the "Petersburg newspaper", the newspaper New Time and Russian Vedomosti.

In the year, the writer completed work on the first collection of stories “Pun”, but he never went into print, probably due to financial problems. The first collection of Chekhov, "Fairy Tales of Melpomen", saw the light of the year. By the year, Chekhov was already a popular author of small stories. But the writer Dmitry Grigorovich intervened in his literary path, who criticized the young man for the waste of his talent.

With such an opinion, many leading authors and critics of those years agreed. Strong better, as we were starving at one time, take care of your impressions for the work of a thoughtful, acquired, written not in one sitting, but written in a happy hours of inner mood. One such work will be a hundred times higher than hundreds of excellent stories scattered at different times in newspapers.

From the letter of Dmitry Grigorovich Anton Chekhov, but it was thanks to one of the critics, publisher Alexei Suvorin, Chekhov was able to reveal his potential. In the magazine of Suvorin "New Time", with whom Chekhov began to cooperate, the authors paid a decent fee, did not limit them either by the time of creating work or the number of words. In the New Time, Anton Chekhov first began to sign texts with his own name.

However, five stories placed in “new [ohm] time”, I raised a commotion in St. Petersburg, from which I sunk, like from a child. A turning point in the writer’s work was the story “Steppe” for the Northern Herald magazine. Chekhov found inspiration for her on a journey through the Azov, during which he also visited his homeland in Taganrog. After all, this is a real, real steppe!

You breathe straight with the steppe when you read. ” Chekhov, although they do not quite satisfy the requirements of higher artistic criticism, are, however, an outstanding phenomenon in our modern fiction literature. The local administration forbade to communicate with political prisoners, but the writer violated this rule. He managed to conduct a census of the island’s population, filling out ten thousand cards to its inhabitants.

Five years later, the art and journalistic book of ways about the exiled colony and hard labor-“Sakhalin Island” published.During these years, Chekhov was already one of the most read authors in Russia.

He was published in the magazines Northern Herald, Russian Thought, newspapers New Time and Russian Vedomosti. In the year, Anton Chekhov again went to travel, this time in Western Europe. One thing I can say: I have not seen cities in my life more remarkable in my life. This is a continuous charm, brilliance, joy of life. There he opened a medical center, built three schools and a bell tower, helped to lay a highway and, of course, treated the sick.

During the famine, who raged in Melikhov in these years, the writer collected donations for starving, and during the cholera worked as a sanitary doctor from the zemstvo: there were 25 villages, four factories and a monastery in his site. They laid their own special imprint on his works of this period, a special flavor. He himself recognized this influence. It is enough to recall his “men” and “in a ravine”, where Melikhov’s paintings and characters are awarded on each page.

Many considered his work to be pessimistic and decadent, even the term “Chekhovian sentiments” existed. The writer was surprised by such comments as he recalled: “What kind of gloomy man I am, what am I“ cold blood ”, what critics call me? What is the Pessimist? Indeed, of my things, my favorite story is “Student”. Count Tolstoy respected the writer, highly appreciated Chekhov’s work and called him "an incomparable artist of life." Do you need my biography?

Here she is. I was born in Taganrog in the city of writing in the year. He sinned according to the dramatic part, although moderately ... I prefer Tolstoy from the writers, and Zakharyin from the doctors. However, all this is nonsense. Write anything. If there are no facts, then replace them with lyrics. From the letter of Anton Chekhov to his editor, the year in the last years of his life, Chekhov has aggravated tuberculosis, so the doctors insisted on the writer's move to the south.

At first he lived in Nice, then in Paris, and in September settled in Yalta. In the year they got married. The actress was a primary of the Moscow Art Theater, so she could not leave Moscow for a long time. The Czechs kept the warm and reverent relations with his wife by correspondence - they sent each other more letters and telegrams. Milusya mine, hello! In your letter, you are angry that I am writing to you.

But then I write you often! For this I will reward you, I will love you fiercely, like Arab. Goodbye, Olya, be healthy and cheerful. Do not forget, write and recall your Antoine more often. Cute is a cute, in the last issue of Niva your theater is depicted, by the way, you, Maria Fed. You came out better than anywhere else. This number is worth buying and hiding it as a keepsake. By the way, you will find academicians there; Me with a very thick nose.

I hoped to sit down without you at the table and start working, but still I do nothing and I feel not quite important. Keep in mind, I will come soon, behave good. I kiss you tightly. Your Antonio. In the summer of the year, he went to the mountain resort in the German city of Badenviler to treat the lungs. But the local doctor found that the state of the heart of the writer worsened significantly.

According to his wife’s memoirs, on the night of July 1 to July 2, Chekhov woke up, for the first time in his life he himself asked to send for a doctor and said: “For a long time I did not drink champagne ...” After which the writer went to bed again - and no longer woke up. On the morning of July 5, the coffin with the body of Chekhov was sent to Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Olga Knipper-Chekhova survived her husband for 55 years.